推荐回答(3个)
猴
排列顺序
清代刘献《广阳杂记》引李长卿《松霞馆赘言》:“子何以属鼠也?曰:天开于子,不耗则其气不开。鼠,耗虫也。于是夜尚未央,正鼠得令之候,故子属鼠。地辟于丑,而牛则开地之物也,故丑属牛。人生于寅,有生则有杀。杀人者,虎也,又寅者,畏也。可畏莫若虎,故寅属虎。卯者,日出之候。日本离体,而中含太阴玉兔之精,故卯属兔。辰者,三月之卦,正群龙行雨之时,故辰属龙。巳者,四月之卦,于时草茂,而蛇得其所。又,巳时蛇不上道,故属蛇。午者,阳极而一阴甫生。马者,至健而不离地,阴类也,故午属马。羊啮未时之草而茁,故未属羊。申时,日落而猿啼,且伸臂也,譬之气数,将乱则狂作横行,故申属猴。酉者,月出之时,月本坎体,而中含水量太阳金鸡之精,故酉属鸡。于亥中,猪则饮食之外无一所知,故亥属猪。”
关于十二生肖的排列,还有各种传说,这类故事,或似开心解闷的笑谈,或似贬恶扬善的寓言,文学成分较浓。但是,生肖座次的排定,决非一朝一夕,也不是一代人所能完成的。最初未必就是一次提名十二种,也许只有四五个,也许曾有过超额的局面,后来优胜劣汰,定额定员并定位了,一直传至今日。
十二生肖的排列还与代表十二生肖动物的足趾数的单与双有关。在数字1-12中,单为阳,双为阴,依次代表子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。如鼠为5趾为阳,牛为4趾为阴,余类推(蛇为百足之虫为阴)。
另一种说法,十二生肖的选用与排列,是根据动物每天的活动时间确定的。我国从汉代开始,便采用十二地支记录本一天的十二个时辰,每个时辰相当于两个小时,
子时:夜晚十一时到凌晨一时,此时老鼠最为活跃。
丑时:凌晨一时到三时,牛正在反刍。
寅时:三时到五时,此时老虎到处游荡觅食,最为凶猛。
卯时:五时到七时,这时太阳尚未升起,月亮还挂在天上,此时玉兔捣药正忙。
辰时:上午七时到九时,这正是神龙行雨的好时光。
巳时:九时到十一时,蛇开始活跃起来。
午时:上午十一时到下午一时,阳气正盛,正是天马行空的时候。
未时:下午一时到三时,羊在这时吃草,会长得更壮。
申时:下午三时到五时,这时猴子活跃起来。
酉时:五时到七时,夜幕降临,鸡开始归窝。
戌时:晚上七时到九时,狗开始守夜。
亥时:晚上九时到十一时,此时万籁俱寂,猪正在鼾睡。
十二生肖始于纪元前六世纪,初期跟地支一组的数字互相应用,到后来才变成的纪年的年号。但是,在十二生肖中,为何人人喊打的老鼠能独占鳌这个故事的另外一章讲述的是猫鼠为何成仇人。当时,猫和鼠原是好朋友,在赴群众大会前,它们一起睡并约好谁先醒就叫醒谁。岂知,老鼠第二天起得早,竟然静悄悄地独自赴会,不理会猫。等猫醒来赶赴大会时,佛陀已经将十二年号分配好了。猫和鼠便从此结下深仇。 当然传说归传说,民俗学者郭立诚氏的看法则较可获得历史记载的应证。人们是为了便于记住天干地支名岁,而将代表十二辰的动物来称呼它。
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