什么生肖是读书人

2025-01-22 09:15:18
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

牛,汗牛充栋,比喻读书很多

回答2:


中国的民俗节日中,有不少是与龙有关的。宋人吴自牧在《梦梁录》中有关南宋龙灯的记述:“元宵之夜……草缚成龙,用青幕遮草上,密置灯烛万盏,望之蜿蜿如双龙之状。”吴氏所说的是静止观赏的龙灯。南宋大词人辛弃疾有“凤萧声动,玉壶光转,一夜鱼龙舞”的诗名,说的是由人舞动的龙灯。明清两代,舞龙灯之风更盛。据清道光年间《沪城岁事》载:“游手环竹箔作笼状,蒙以绘,绘龙鳞于上,有首有尾,下承以木柄旋舞,街巷前导师为灯牌,必书‘五谷丰登,官清民乐’。”清喜庆姚元之《竹叶亭杂记》亦载:“今圆明园正月下五日,筵宴外藩,放烟火,转龙灯。其制人持一竿,竿上横一竿,状如丁字。横竿两头,系两红灯,按队盘旋,参差高下,如龙之宛转。少倾则中立,向上排列‘天下太平’四字。”舞龙灯并非灯节才有,春节、中秋以至各种庙会均有此项活动。在中国的传统观念中,龙是吉祥瑞兽,人们用灯模拟龙的形象,无非是取其吉祥除祟的含义。



山东沂南北寨村东汉晚其画介石墓中室东壁上的乐舞百戏石刻,为我们提供了汉代鱼龙之戏的形象资料。其龙双角、鳞身、双翼、长尾,背上负一大圆口双耳瓶;瓶上立着一个扮演羽人的小孩,双手持一带羽葆的长幢耍弄。龙前有一左手持短梃,右手持鼗鼓向龙摇动的人;龙后有一左手持鞭,右手持鼗鼓举掐的人气氛热烈。此龙的造型,极像马的形体。

农历二月二为汉族的“龙抬头节”。此时正值尺蛰、春分时节,民俗认为蛰伏一冬的龙在这一天正抬头活动,以后的雨水也就多起来了。明人沈榜的《宛署杂记》有关于“二月引龙,熏百虫”的记载:“宛人呼二月二日为龙抬头。乡民用灰自门外委蜿布入宅厨,旋绕水缸,呼为‘引龙回’。用面摊煎饼,熏床炕令百虫不生。”由于中国北方多旱少雨,将引入家中,图的是风调雨顺,于是也冰产生了“二月二,龙抬头;大仓满,小仓流”的民谚。这一天,人们吃龙须面、龙鳞烙饼、龙耳饼子等等。

农历五月初五为“端午节”。按地支推算,“五”为“午”,闻一多先生曾将端午节称为“龙的节日”。赛龙舟是端午节的重要内容,古时皇家龙舟的制作极为奢华,如南宋画院待诏李嵩所画《中天戏水岫》中的大龙舟,头、尾、鳞皆雕镂金饰,舟上建层楼台观,槛曲安设御座,两舷各三桨,气势雄伟,金碧辉煌。

古代帝王服饰中有龙袍。《清朝通志·器服略》中记载:“皇帝龙袍,色用明黄,棉袷纱裘,惟其时,领袖具石青片金绿,绣文金龙九,列十二章,间以五笔型色去。领前后正龙各一,左右衣襟处各一,袖端正龙各一,下幅八宝立水裾左右开。”在清代一般绣九龙,但从正面或背面看都是五条龙,合“九五之尊”的帝王称号。袍的下端排列着许多“水脚”,水上绣水浪,俗称“海水江涯”。包含着一统江山及延绵不断等寓意。

分布于中南地区的壮族、瑶族和西南地区的哈尼族均有“祭龙节”。壮族的祭龙节在农历二月间,祭时,由村中两户或数户人家轮流负担祭祀用的鸡、猪等祭品。认为杀猪祭龙,可保人畜平安。瑶族的祭龙节在农历三月初三,活动包括求谷魂、祭谷娘、祭盘古、祭玉皇、祭神农等。
祭品是全寨人出钱购买的猪,祭毕由全寨人分食,妇女不得参加仪式。广西侗族流行耍龙灯。用竹片制成一条三四十厘米长的龙,龙须下有一包,以便点蜡烛,元宵
节晚上玩耍。玩时,摆一张八仙桌,两面三刀人围绕桌子舞动,跳跃嬉戏,互相追逐,然后配以有节奏的乐器演奏,有声有色,十分有趣。

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