推荐回答(2个)
如果要问,《周易》的作者是谁?也许我们首先想到的是周文王。周文王把八卦演绎成六十四卦,写了《易经》,这几乎成了一种舆论。司马迁在《史记》中也记载“文王被捕,行于《周易》”。但是我们找不到足够的证据来支持这个说法。我们可以肯定的是,《周易》是周朝的官书,周朝官方任命专门的官员负责编辑、编撰和推广。
傅Xi
在古代,知识和文献技术掌握在贵族阶层手中,对于普通大众来说,他们既没有知识,也没有文字功底。所以《易经》这本书不可能是下层阶级写的。那时候纸还没有发明,古籍都是竹简或者石刻的形式。书籍的制作、运输和推广成本非常高,所以没有足够的经济实力创作书籍是不可想象的。所以,我的观点是,文字可以用来记录事务或思想,可以编成书流通推广。这也是社会群体的经济文化发展到一定阶段才有可能发生的事情。商周时期,文化垄断掌握在统治阶级手中。没有私人奖学金,文化是官方的,政府任命专门的官员来搞。所以在古代,不会出现一个哲学家独立著书的现象。所以,我们不能想象在创造《易经》的过程中,为一个哲学家独立记录自己的神秘思想。
春秋以前的书基本都是史家编辑整理的。因为只有统治阶级才能掌握书写工具,有足够的经济实力支撑图书编辑发行。古代占卜是一项非常重要的社会活动,这一点从商代甲骨文的发现就可以看出来。所以对于《周易》的官方编纂,可以认为是合理的。殷墟甲骨文几乎都是商代宫廷占卜师留下的卜筮档案,可想而知卜筮活动在商社会的重要地位。
周朝和商朝相距不远,不会有完全的文化对立。因此,可以推断,占卜也是周代一项非常重要的社会活动。所以官方编辑占卜书的可能性很大。这样看来,《易经》很可能是周代关所作。至于他是不是文王,那就说不准了。古书中有一种信古贤的风气,文王充当伪信也不是没有可能。比如有的古籍冒充殷商的名字伊尹,有的冒充黄帝。政治权威也是文化权威,历史上不是没有,但总是很少。古人把古籍托付给古圣先贤,难免有把政治权威理想化的嫌疑。一个人的智慧不一定是思想的巅峰。思想家和政治家往往不是一类人。
https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-3630ec91f9aa6f44d991b92aa61f5f28_720w.jpg
《易经》是周文王姬昌在囚于羑里的时候写的,故有“文王拘而演周易”一说。
后来到了春秋时期的孔子有合编收录成书,那就叫做《周易》了。
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