变速器速比的计算

2025-01-21 18:58:51
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

大轮盘直径或齿数:1=小轮盘直径或齿数:X,及大轮盘直径为10,小轮盘直径为5,公式为:10:1=5:X,1X5=5 10/5=2,及速比为1:2!

回答2:

变速器是用来改变来自发动机的转速和转矩的机构,它能固定或分档改变输出轴和输入轴传动比,又称变速箱。变速器由变速传动机构和操纵机构组成,有些汽车还有动力输出机构。传动机构大多用普通齿轮传动,也有的用行星齿轮传动。普通齿轮传动变速机构一般用滑移齿轮和同步器等。
变速器用基础名词术语:
(1)主动齿轮、从动齿轮。输入轴可理解为是与离合器连接的,并在发动机驱动下转动,固定在输入轴上的齿轮随之同步转动,该齿轮称为主动齿轮此后与输出轴连接为一体的齿轮被迫转动,所以该齿轮称之为从动齿轮。
(2)传动比i。从动齿轮的齿数与主动齿轮的齿数之比定义为传动比。
当从动齿轮的齿数与主动齿轮的齿数之间的关系发生变化时,传动比i改变,在发动机转速不变的条件下,会影响输出轴转速改变,即车轮转速改变。一对相互啮合的齿轮,使用中齿数不会变化,因此它的传动比是固定不变的。若在输入轴上装有若干个齿数不等的齿轮与输出轴上的对应齿数也是变化的齿轮啮合,则可以获得一组传动比i不同的有级式变速器。汽车变速器就是按照这个基本原理实现换档变速。
(3)前进档,能够使汽车向前行驶的档位。倒档,能够使汽车倒退行驶的档位。空档,变速器中各档齿轮都不在工作位置上,此时发动机动力输入到输入轴后,不再向输出轴传输。
(4)直接档。发动机动力不经过变速器中的任何齿轮的传递,而是经变速器输入轴和与它直接连接为一体的输出轴直接输出的档位称为直接档。直接档传动比为1。
(5)超速档。即输出轴的转速高于输入轴转速的档位。
(6)档数。是指有级式齿轮变速器所具有的档位的数量。常用齿轮变速器的档数为四到五档,而三档变速器已不多见。档数愈多,汽车对行驶条件的适应性越好,油耗越低,但变速器传动机构与操纵机构越复杂,使操纵困难,成本也高。
(7)低档、高档。在变速器的档位中,数字小的档位叫做低档,数字越小的档位,传动比越大,牵引力也越大,而车速越低。如一档的传动比在前进档位中最大,车速最低,牵引力最大。数字大的档位称高档,数字越大,传动比越小,牵引力也越小,但车速越高。
(8)换档。变速器完成传动比的变换过程称换档。接合套换档,换档是通过与齿轮一体,位于齿侧的接合齿圈与接合套相互啮合(或分开)来实现传动比变换的叫做接合套换档。同步器换档,利用同步器换档。换档不仅接合齿上没有冲击和噪声而且换档时间也短。
(9)跳档。汽车行驶中因接合齿磨损和振动等原因,导致接合套与接合齿圈分开而使变速器处在空档状态。

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