关于动量守恒的判断

2025-01-22 18:58:25
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

只要受合外力为0或者合外力远小于内力,一个瞬间和一个过程都可以动量守恒(比如碰撞,时间极短,碰前碰后动量守恒,这个就是瞬间守恒;人跳上车,跳上前跳上后动量守恒,这个就是过程守恒)

1.这个系统受合外力为0,所以动量守恒,两个状态可以从人起跳到人停在车上的过程中随便选取
2.车厢受合外力为0,但重物只受重力,所以这个系统受的合外力不为0,所以动量不守恒。但是因为水平方向合外力为0,所以水平方向动量是守恒的(始终是0)

动量是矢量,所以某个方向合外力是0只能说明这个方向上动量守恒,另一个方向就不一定了

只要受合外力为0或者合外力远小于内力,你想怎么选就怎么选

回答2:

动量守恒定律是高二学的,显然你没学好。动量守恒的条件是外力不对系统做功,或内力做功远大于外力。就那你的例子来说,人起跳瞬间,人的腿蹬地,地面对人做功,而根据能量转化与守恒定律,这个动能是人体化学能转化而来的,这个时候不符合动量守恒定律。人自空中跳到车上没有外力(视为同一水平面重力不做功),则动量守恒,式子:人跳上车子瞬间前的速度乘以人的质量等于人与车的质量和乘以共同速度。
第二个问题你的想法正确!人格保证。除非题目有提示或特殊要求。请仔细说明。

回答3:

只要合外力为0时,动量就在任何状态下守恒,其运用范围几乎涵盖了任何方面
对于人车模型,只要人起跳以后,人和车就动量守恒,而起跳时人和地球动量守恒,只是与人相比,地球的质量太大,所以速度变化忽略不计。起跳以后,人和车在任意时刻动量守恒,只是要根据你所要达成的目标,选一个特定的时刻,列出动量守恒,但这不代表动量守恒仅仅在这一刻适用。

第二个模型,在重物落在车厢上时,合外力确实不为0,合外力向上,作用是支撑车厢,而车厢的也会给重物一个竖直向上的力,使重物具有向上的加速度,使物体减速。

因为动量是矢量,具有方向性,所以在某个方向上的合外力为0时,在这个方向上的分速度动量守恒,而整体的合速度就不一定了。

回答4:

系统在不受外力的情况下,动量守恒
这两个问题动量都守恒
式子您可以这么列,像第一题,等号左边是人落在车上之前,等号右边是人落在车上之后
第二题,系统(即重物和车)水平所受力为0,但重物水平会受一个力,使它最后和车一起水平运动,车也受一个力,使它速度变慢。这两个力大小相等方向相反,是由物和车之间的摩擦产生的,所以属于内力,不是外力
一般列动量守恒方程时,等号左边是物体相互作用之前的状态,等号右边是作用之后的状态

回答5:

1。无须考虑范围,无外力就守恒,1秒无外力1秒内守恒,1千年无外力1千年内守恒
2。什么方向合力为0就什么方向守恒,像重物落车,地面支持力变大,合力不为0,但水平方向无力,水平方向动量守恒
3.同1,无外力就可以取,不管时候

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