葡萄怎么施肥?

2025-01-23 06:18:13
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

秋季是葡萄采摘的季节,同样也是葡萄施肥的季节,秋施基肥的重要性绿之洲植保老师已经多次强调过了,对于葡萄而言,秋施基肥能够为树体提供养分贮藏,提升叶片光合作用效率,促进根系发育生长,是一举多得的好事情。

葡萄秋施基肥的作用

葡萄秋施基肥的作用主要体现在三个方面,分别是对葡萄树树体、对土壤以及对病虫。

对葡萄树树体而言,秋施基肥能够提升树体养分的累积,对采摘后营养缺失产生弥补作用,同时能够促进整体植株的生长,尤其是葡萄根系在秋季会进入一个生长的高峰期,这个时候施肥能够提升根系生长效率,有利于第二年早春时水肥的吸收。

对于土壤而言,经过一年的施肥灌溉,葡萄种植的土壤容易出现紧实、板结等问题,通过秋施基肥能够改善土壤密度,增加土壤孔隙度,加速土壤中空气、水分的流通。

对于病虫而言,秋施基肥能够破坏幼虫越冬的生存条件,随着对土壤的深翻,幼虫会从土壤深部到达浅层,从而死亡;另外,秋施基肥中的微生物菌剂能够改善土壤环境,减少土传病害的发生。

葡萄秋施基肥用什么肥

有机肥为主:葡萄秋施基肥当中有机肥的用量是最大的,如果是农家土杂肥,每亩可使用3-5吨,如果是成品有机肥则在150-200公斤。有机肥的主要作用是增加土壤有机质,同时疏松土壤,改善土壤环境。

微生物菌剂很重要:最近几年,在施入基肥时加入微生物菌剂已经成为了种植户默认的操作,它能够调节土壤,提升土壤肥力,同时减少土传病害的出现,一般每亩使用1公斤左右的微生物菌剂。

大量元素水溶肥:大量元素水溶肥属于速效性肥料,也就是能够快速补充葡萄树所需的养分,在采摘完成后,可以第一时间追施绿之洲平衡型大量元素水溶肥,以补充树体缺失的养分,如果枝条有老熟差的情况,则需要追施高磷高钾型水溶肥。

在施入大量元素水溶肥之余,可以辅助一些中微量元素水溶肥,一般葡萄容易缺失钙镁等中微量元素,按照每亩5-10公斤的用量进行补充。

葡萄秋施基肥怎么做

葡萄树秋施基肥的时间一般安排在采收后的10-20天内至落叶前完成为宜。各个区域基肥使用时间有所差异,如大棚葡萄、早熟品种最好在秋分前后施;晚熟品种,采收后立即下肥。

施肥方法可以采用穴施或开条沟施入,一般在根系外围50cm处开沟最佳,深度在20-60cm之间,具体深度需要根据葡萄生长情况、根系发育等制定。

在施肥前先进行浇水,起到保护根系的作用,开沟时间不宜过长,因为开沟后部分根系暴露在外,长时间暴晒容易萎缩、腐烂,影响葡萄树生长。

施肥完成后也要进行一次浇水,这样能加快根系愈合,有利于肥效的发挥。

回答2:

栽植时一定要大穴整地,挖1米见方,土质差的要换好的菜园土或熟土。每穴施优质土杂肥或腐熟的粪肥25~50千克。栽植后要及时中耕除草,保持土壤疏松。进入结果期后,每年秋冬季节重施一次腐熟土杂肥,每株50~70千克,加过磷酸钙2~3千克。4月上旬,每株追施磷酸铵1千克,离葡萄根约1米,开沟环施,追肥后浇一次水。5~6月份果粒绿豆大时,每株再追施硫酸铵0.5~1千克。在开花前和果后浇腐熟的饼肥水或粪肥水1~2次。8月份当果实着色时每株施过磷酸钙2千克,使叶茂果硕,施肥结合浇水。11月中旬浇防寒水,根据土壤含水量和天气情况应及时浇水抗旱和排水防涝,如降雨多或浇水多,都易引起烂果烂根。

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