推荐回答(3个)
腿疼的原因一般属膝关节滑膜炎。滑膜炎是多种疾病(如创伤,骨质增生、结核、关节退变、风湿病疾病、色素沉着绒毛结节、手术等)在滑膜组织方面的某些特定表现。这些疾病可以使的滑膜受到机械、建议去医院做相关的检查,如血沉,抗链O,类风湿因子,C反应蛋白等,如果确诊为风湿,目前尚无起效很快的特效药,可根据患者的证候、病情特点,因地、因时、因人治疗,辅以针灸,同时在饮食上避免生冷油腻辛辣食物,饮食清淡,常饮老姜水,多食大枣,核桃,莲子,晚上用热水泡脚半小时,揉搓脚心发热。,生物、化学等刺激,引起滑膜组织充血、水肿、血管通透性增高,滑液过度分泌,吸收减少,从而导致关节肿胀,痛疼,活动受限等临床症状。
俗话说,人老腿先老。随着年龄的增长,人体各方面的功能都在逐渐退化,原本灵活协调的双腿变得笨拙迟钝,走路时稍不留神,不是踩空就是磕绊。一份调查显示,腿部疾病已成为困扰老年人的大问题!本期名医谈病,就让专家出招,您是否经常感到四肢无力、容易疲劳或出现四肢冰冷和麻木的感觉。您是否有小腿肚或足部乏力、酸胀、疼痛的感觉,休息后疼痛又会消失。是否在不运动的情况下,您的足趾、足部或小腿肚也出现持续性的疼痛,到了夜里更为剧烈,常常在床上抱足而坐,痛得彻夜不眠。如果您回答“是”,那有可能是“它们”在作怪,间歇性跛行:老年腿痛的“头号嫌疑犯”陈老伯是一位退伍军人,身体一直很好,可就在1年前,腿脚开始不利索了。说也奇怪,陈老伯腿不红不肿,坐、蹲,骑自行车都没问题,但站着或走路最多能坚持10分钟,需蹲下去休息片刻才能继续走,晚上睡觉只能弯曲双脚。到过多家医院看过,但都没确诊是什么病。
很多老年人都有与陈老伯相似的经历,平时站着一段时间或行走一段路程后,腰背部出现“下沉感”,双侧小腿发胀,无法继续站立或行走。需要蹲下来或身体前倾休息一会儿才能继续行走。最短只能连续行走几十米或站几分钟,严重影响工作和生活。这种情况在医学上称之为“间歇性跛行”。造成间歇性跛行的原因可以是由于腰部腰椎管内神经受压迫,也可以是由于下肢的血管病变所引起,临床上分为神经间歇性跛行和血管间歇性跛行。神经间歇性跛行如果把椎管比作房子,造成神经间歇性跛行的原因不外乎两个,要么是椎管这个“房间”变小了,要不就是“房间”内的东西多了。“房间”变小随着年龄的增长,椎管前方的椎间盘失水退变后膨隆,甚至突出,从前方向椎管内挤入,后方的黄韧带和小关节囊增生、肥厚,同时小关节也增生肥大得像拳头一样,从后方和侧面压向椎管。还有一种椎管狭窄来源于脊柱畸形,常见的是椎体之间的不稳定甚至出现明显的滑移,使得连续平顺的椎管出现扭曲或转折。
有可能是骨质疏松,有人说,“骨质疏松,补钙就行。”这其实是不对的。患了骨质疏松症,并不是平时多补补钙就行,须根据不同的病因和证型选择合适的治疗药物。原发性I型骨质疏松症是由于绝经后雌激素减少,使骨吸收增强引起骨量丢失所致,因此应选用骨吸收抑制剂如雌激素、降钙素、钙制剂等药物治疗。原发性II型骨质疏松症其病因是由于年龄老化,导致激素自身调节失衡,使骨形成低下,应选用骨形成促进剂,如活性维生素D、蛋白同化激素(苯丙酸诺龙)、氟化剂和维生素K2等药物治疗。当然,日常食物补钙可作为骨质疏松症的辅助治疗方法之一。首先以提高膳食中的钙含量为主,若食物中所进钙量不够,则需用含钙制剂补充。但若已形成骨质疏松症,单纯靠多吃含钙食物并不能代替药物治疗。服药期间适当进行户外活动,可增强疗效。女性绝经后,雌激素水平下降,造成骨质丢失,使骨骼开始变脆,此时采用雌激素替代疗法能防治骨质疏松,降低骨折发生率。因此,雌激素为防止妇女绝经后骨质丢失的首选药物,但单独使用雌激素有可能增加患乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的机会,故应使用最低有效剂量,并辅以适当的孕激素。使用雌激素治疗的妇女在用药前和用药期间,应定期进行妇科和乳腺检查。
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