android中include和merge标记的区别和使用
推荐回答(2个)
是用于布局重用
如定义一个需要重用的布局
res/layout/layout_include.xml
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.demo.MainActivity" >
在另一个布局中引用它
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello,world"
/>
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
标签在UI的结构优化中起着非常重要的作用,它可以删减多余的层级,优化UI。多用于替换FrameLayout或者当一个布局包含另一个时,标签消除视图层次结构中多余的视图组。例如主布局文件是垂直布局,引入了一个垂直布局的include,这是如果include布局使用的LinearLayout就没意义了,使用的话反而减慢UI表现。这时可以使用标签优化。
include和merge标记的作用主要是为了解决layout的重用问题。
比如我们有三四个Activity但是他们都要用到同一个样式的标题栏,虽然我们把一样的代码copy个三四遍也没关系,但实在是太丑了,而且效率太低,如果这个标题栏要改样式,你岂不是要去三四个地方分别改动。
为了解决这个问题,android中有了include和merge标记
以下为标题栏的layout文件titlebar.xml 我们将使用Include标记重用这个文件
android:layout_width=”match_parent”
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@color/titlebar_bg">
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/gafricalogo" />
那么在那三四个activity中你可以适用Include标记
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width=”match_parent”
android:layout_height=”match_parent”
android:gravity="center_horizontal">
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
...
调用了Include之后,titlebar文件的内容就被完全嵌入到了include所指定的位置。而且你还可以在include中重新更改一些属性的值,比如
android:layout_width=”match_parent”
android:layout_height=”match_parent”
layout="@layout/title"/>
原来layout中的wrap_content属性就被改成了match_parent属性
再来说一下merge标记
上面的include有一个副作用就是他多套了一层root节点FrameLayout ,使得再构图的时候会多花费一点时间
如果你不能容忍这个的话那你可以试一下merge标记
titlebar2.xml
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/gafricalogo" />
这样行成的titlebar2文件就少了外层的root节点,merge标记可以直接成为root节点,当titlebar2被include到文件中时,merge标记就会被忽略掉,而直接由里面的ImageView取代原来include的位置。避免了冗余的layout。
所以include和merge是配合使用的,不是一个互斥的或者说是平级的关系。
再来说一个在使用这两个标签时最容易出现的问题。
经常会有同学在RelativeLayout中使用include标签
但是却发现include进来的控件无法用layout_alignParentBottom="true"之类的标签来调整。这个真的非常恼火。其实解决方法非常简单,只要你在include的时候同时重载下layout_width和layout_height这两个标签就可以了。如果不重载,任何针对include的layout调整都是无效的!
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