为什么中国减少美国政府债券购买是代表了中国经济增速放慢呢?
推荐回答(2个)
购买美债主要是中国对外贸易出口的美元收入。当时购买美债也是为了冲抵汇率等风险的保值手段。购买来冲抵风险没有错,错在工具过于单一,把所有鸡蛋都放到了一只篮子里。过于单一,反倒放大了风险。这是决策的问题。
从08年以后,中国的实体经济一蹶不振,每况愈下,拉动经济增长的三驾马车中的出口基本完蛋,就是一个勉强维持而已,而另一架马车-公共投资几乎成为唯一的拉动力量。但是政府的大规模投资其本质就是故意 放纵通货膨胀,现在明显已经失控。而最后一架马车-消费,15年以前早就不行了,几乎可以忽略不计。如果说以前中国崩溃论还有言过其实的成分。那么现在经济危机已经不是初露端倪,而是一个摆在眼前的事实了。
20年来拉动经济的另一个重要引擎-外资,正在撤出,从2010年11月开始,撤出的外资额第一次超过了流入的外资数额,截至到2013年3月,中国连续18个月保持全世界第一位的资本净输出国。以前在中国的热钱主力-欧美投行,海湾石油资本,日本主权基金几乎如洪水出闸般的出境逃离。证券,银行,保险全部陷入资金短缺的境地,进入2013年,银行已经出现2次钱荒。
说白了,经济恶化,中国手里没有那么多美元现汇来继续购买美债了。
购买美国债券的来源是美元,即流入国内的美元就两个主要途径:一是出口赚取的美元;二是国外机构到国内投资;美元流出主要包括进口国外商品或服务和对外投资;当流入大于流出就是外汇盈余,形成外汇储备,即购买美债的基础。当经济放缓,出口赚不了钱,又没外资投资国内;同时因为经济放缓,以前的外来资金会外逃,外资就会从此前的拿钱进入国内投资,变成把国内资产变卖成现金,到银行换回美元出逃规避风险。即流入小于流出了,就没有购买美债的资本了,即没钱购买美债。
参考资料:玉米地的老伯伯作品,复制粘贴请注明出处。
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