推荐回答(2个)
它在中国古代早已存在。《韩诗外传》云;“齐桓公将设立一个宫廷来宴请和点燃草原大火。如果人们没有到达,将会有人在99年看到他们。”古老的乘法公式是从上到下,从“9981”到“一体”。它的顺序与葬礼的顺序相反。古人用乘法公式开头的两个字“999”作为公式的名称,所以他们称之为999乘法表。
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不过那个时候“九九乘法表”的学名叫做"九九歌诀”也是只有36句,没有跟“一”相关的乘法。慢慢的战国初期到汉朝,才逐渐加入了“一一得一,一二得二......”这一串演变成现在我们今天常用的45句九九乘法表。九九乘法表是古代世界最短的乘法表。从春秋战国时代就用在筹算中运算,到明代则改良并用在算盘上,现在“九九表”也是小学算术的基本功。
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随着考古发现的不断丰富,人们在中国早期已经找到了相对完整的乘法表。例如,在湘西叶莉出土的秦简上发现了一个相对完整的2200多年前的乘法表。张家界古堤遗址和楼兰文献中也发现了类似的乘法表,但并不完整。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F2cf5e0fe9925bc31bcac9f8b51df8db1cb137034%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
实际上,乘法表并非中国独有,在西方国家也是同样拥有。已知的世界上最古老乘法表出土于在4000年前的古巴比伦,不过它并非是十进制的,而是六十进制而非十进制的。两河文明是六十进制的发明者,他们把一年化为360天,把圆的角度设为360度,至今影响着天文学、几何学和时间领域。
这个没有明确的答案,只能说劳动人们智慧的结晶,现在只能考证最早出现的年代,看我下面百度了一下最好的结果把。
里耶古镇九九乘法表就是中国人发明的,根据刘徽的「九章算术」中记载,伏羲氏根据八卦,作九九之合爻之变,说明九九乘法的起源相当早。此外在管子、老子、战国策等先秦典籍中,也有书中有二七十四、六七四十二等字句,足见九九乘法表在春秋战国时代就已相当普及,甚至还传唱「九九歌」。齐恒公纳贤的故事说明,到公元前7世纪时,九九歌诀已不希罕。也许有人认为这种成绩不值一提。但在古代埃及作乘法却要用倍乘的方式呢。举个例子。如算23×13,就需要从23开始,加倍得到23×2,23×4,23×8,然后注意到13=1+4+8,于是23+23×4+23×8加起来的结果就是23×13。从比较中不难看出使用九九表的优越性了。根据考古专家在湖南张家界古人堤汉代遗址出土的简牍上发现的汉代"九九乘法表",竟与现今生活中使用的乘法口诀表有着惊人的一致。这枚记载有"九九乘法表"的简牍是木质的,大约有22厘米长,残损比较严重。此前在湘西里耶古城出土的一枚秦简上也发现了距今2200多年的乘法口诀表,并被考证为中国现今发现的最早的乘法口诀表实物。除了里耶秦简外,与张家界古人堤遗址发现的这枚简牍样式基本一致的"九九乘法表"还曾在楼兰文书中见到过,那是写在两张残纸上的九九乘法表,为瑞典探险家斯文赫定在上个世纪初期发掘。乘法表在古代并非中国一家独有,古巴比伦的泥版书上也有乘法表。但汉字(包括数目字)单音节发声的特点,使之读起来朗朗上口;后来发展起来的珠算口诀也承继了这一特点,对于运算速度的提高和算法的改进起到一定作用。
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