用支路电流法,戴维南定律,叠加原理,电压源电流源互换这四种方法有

2025-01-24 09:52:34
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  解:1、支路电流法:设R1、R2和R3支路的电流分别为I1、I2和I3,方向分别为向上、向下、向下,据KCL则:I1=I2+I3。

  另外根据KVL:I1R1+I2R2=E1+E2,6I1+3I2=12+15=27,2I1+I2=9;

  I1R1+I3R3=E1,6I1+2I3=12,3I1+I3=6。

  解方程组,得:I1=2.5,I2=4,I3=-1.5。

  即R3的实际电流为1.5A,方向向上;其电压为:U3=I3R3=-1.5×2=-3(V),实际为下正上负3V。

  2、戴维南:将R3从电路中断开。设断开处上端为节点a、下端为b。

  电路中只有一个回路,其电流为:I=(E1+E2)/(R1+R2)=(12+15)/(6+3)=3(A),顺时针方向。所以:Uoc=Uab=-E2+IR2=-15+3×3=-6(V)或:Uoc=E1-IR1=12-3×6=-6(V)。

  再将E1、E2短路,得到:Req=Rab=R1∥R2=6∥3=2(Ω)。

  因此:I3=Uoc/(Req+R3)=-6/(2+2)=-1.5(A)。

  U3=I3R3=-1.5×2=-3V。

  3、叠加:①E1单独作用时,E2短路。电源E1输出电流为:I=E1/(R1+R2∥R3)=12/(6+3∥2)=5/3(A),方向向上。

  于是R2和R3并联支路的电压、即U'3=I×(R2∥R3)=(5/3)×(3∥2)=2(V)。

  I3'=U3'/R3=2/2=1(A),从上向下。

  ②E2单独作用时,E1短路。电源E1输出的电流为:I=E2/(R2+R1∥R3)=15/(3+6∥2)=10/3(A),方向向下。

  R1并联R3两端的电压、即R3两端电压:U3"=-I×(R1∥R3)=-(10/3)×(6∥2)=-5(V)。

  I3"=U3"/R3=-5/2=-2.5(A),方向向下。

  ③叠加:I3=I3'+I3"=1-2.5=-1.5(A),U3=U3'+U3"=2-5=-3(V)。

  4、电源等效变换:E1串联R1等效为:Is1=E1/R1=12/6=2(A)电流源、并联R1=6Ω,Is1方向向上;

  E2串联R2等效为:Is2=E2/R2=15/3=5(A)电流源、并联R2=3Ω,Is1方向向下;

  Is1并联Is2、方向相异,等效为:Is=Is1-Is2=2-5=-3(A),方向向上;

  R1并联R2等效为:R=R1∥R2=6∥3=2(Ω);

  Is=-3A并联R=2Ω,等效为:Us=Is×R=(-3)×2=-6V(上正下负),串联R=2Ω。

  因此:I3=Us/(R+R3)=-6/(2+2)=-1.5(A),方向向下;

  U3=I3R3=-1.5×2=-3(V)。

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