能谈谈中国画的构图吗

2025-01-22 21:39:21
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

中国画在观察认识、形象塑造和表现手法上,体现了中华民族传统的哲学观念和审美观,在对客观事物的观察认识中,采取以大观小、小中见大的方法,并在活动中去观察和认识客观事物,甚至可以直接参与到事物中去,而不是做局外观,或局限在某个固定点上。它渗透着人们的社会意识,从而使绘画具有“千载寂寥,披图可鉴”的认识作用,又起到“恶以诫世,善以示后”的教育作用。即使山水、花鸟等纯自然的客观物象,在观察、认识和表现中,也自觉地与人的社会意识和审美情趣相联系,借景抒情,托物言志,体现了中国人“天人合一”的观念。中国画在创作上重视构思,讲求意在笔先和形象思维,注重艺术形象的主客观统一。造型上不拘于表面的肖似,而讲求“妙在似与不似之间”和“不似之似”。其形象的塑造以能传达出物象的神态情韵和画家的主观情感为要旨。因而可以舍弃非本质的、或与物象特征关联不大的部分,而对那些能体现出神情特征的部分,则可以采取夸张甚至变形的手法加以刻画。在构图上,中国画讲求经营,它不是立足于某个固定的空间或时间,而是以灵活的方式,打破时空的限制,把处于不同时空中的物象,依照画家的主观感受和艺术创作的法则,重新布置,构造出一种画家心目中的时空境界。于是,风晴雨雪、四时朝暮、古今人物可以出现在同一幅画中。因此,在透视上它也不拘于焦点透视,而是采用多点或散点透视法,以上下或左右、前后移动的方式,观物取景,经营构图,具有极大的自由度和灵活性。同时在一幅画的构图中注重虚实对比,讲求“疏可走马”、“密不透风”,要虚中有实,实中有虚。中国画以其特有的笔墨技巧作为状物及传情达意的表现手段,以点、线、面的形式描绘对象的形貌、骨法、质地、光暗及情态神韵。这里的笔墨既是状物、传情的技巧,又是对象的载体,同时本身又是有意味的形式,其痕迹体现了中国书法的意趣,具有独立的审美价值。由于并不十分追求物象表面的肖似,因此中国画既可用全黑的水墨,也可用色彩或墨色结合来描绘对象,而越到后来,水墨所占比重愈大,现在有人甚至称中国画为水墨画。其所用墨讲求墨分五色,以调入水分的多寡和运笔疾缓及笔触的长短大小的不同,造成了笔墨技巧的千变万化和明暗调子的丰富多变。同时墨还可以与色相互结合,而又墨不碍色,色不碍墨,形成墨色互补的多样性。而在以色彩为主的中国画中,讲求“随类赋彩”,注重的是对象的固有色,光源和环境色并不重要,一般不予考虑。但为了某种特殊需要,有时可大胆采用某种夸张或假定的色彩。中国画,特别是其中的文人画,在创作中强调书画同源,注重画家本人的人品及素养。在具体作品中讲求诗 、书、画、印的有机结合,并且通过在画面上题写诗文跋语 ,表达画家对社会、人生及艺术的认识,既起到了深化主题的作用,又是画面的有机组成部分。

回答2:

中国画讲究的是 疏中有密,密中有疏.疏可跑马,密不透风. 这里面的意境,因人而异.主观因素特别的强.

如楼上所说的,除了疏密有秩外,对于山水和一些场景的描绘,中国画采用的是散点透视。而不是一点透视。所以它们在画面中是没有透视焦点的.

回答3:

中国画的章法是没有定格的,随心所欲。特别是现代水墨艺术。因为西洋画掌握的是焦点透视法,而中国画则是散点透视。

回答4:

我一直强调:要画好一幅画,脑子是主体,笔只是工具。我们在绘画时选择不同的工具,就要因着工具特性的不同来选择能够传情达意的表现方式丨李西伯恺

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