如何采用固态继电器控制加热开关,采用PWM控制加热装置,PID输出用来控制占空比。?
推荐回答(3个)
你说的都容易做,没有自整定程序温度到温后断电,但温度还会上升很多度,没有自整定程序做的温控不实用。
下面的程序供你参考
#include
#include
typedef unsigned char uint8;
typedef unsigned int uint16;
typedef unsigned long int uint32;
/**********函数声明************/
void PIDOutput ();
void PIDOperation ();
/*****************************/
typedef struct PIDValue
{
uint32 Ek_Uint32[3]; //差值保存,给定和反馈的差值
uint8 EkFlag_Uint8[3]; //符号,1则对应的为负数,0为对应的为正数
uint8 KP_Uint8;
uint8 KI_Uint8;
uint8 KD_Uint8;
uint16 Uk_Uint16; //上一时刻的控制电压
uint16 RK_Uint16; //设定值
uint16 CK_Uint16; //实际值
}PIDValueStr;
PIDValueStr PID;
uint8 out ; // 加热输出
uint8 count; // 输出时间单位计数器
/*********************************
PID = Uk + KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]+KI*E(k)+KD*[E(k)-2E(k-1)+E(k-2)];(增量型PID算式)
函数入口: RK(设定值),CK(实际值),KP,KI,KD
函数出口: U(K)
//PID运算函数
********************************/
void PIDOperation (void)
{
uint32 Temp[3]; //中间临时变量
uint32 PostSum; //正数和
uint32 NegSum; //负数和
Temp[0] = 0;
Temp[1] = 0;
Temp[2] = 0;
PostSum = 0;
NegSum = 0;
if( PID.RK_Uint16 > PID.RK_Uint16 ) //设定值大于实际值否?
{
if( PID.RK_Uint16 - PID.RK_Uint16 >10 ) //偏差大于10否?
{
PID.Uk_Uint16 = 100; } //偏差大于10为上限幅值输出(全速加热)
else
{
Temp[0] = PID.RK_Uint16 - PID.CK_Uint16; //偏差<=10,计算E(k)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[1]=0; //E(k)为正数
//数值移位
PID.Ek_Uint32[2] = PID.Ek_Uint32[1];
PID.Ek_Uint32[1] = PID.Ek_Uint32[0];
PID.Ek_Uint32[0] = Temp[0];
/****************************************/
if( PID.Ek_Uint32[0] >PID.Ek_Uint32[1] ) //E(k)>E(k-1)否?
{
Temp[0]=PID.Ek_Uint32[0] - PID.Ek_Uint32[1]; //E(k)>E(k-1)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[0]=0; } //E(k)-E(k-1)为正数
else
{
Temp[0]=PID.Ek_Uint32[0] - PID.Ek_Uint32[1]; //E(k) PID.EkFlag_Uint8[0]=1; } //E(k)-E(k-1)为负数
/****************************************/
Temp[2]=PID.Ek_Uint32[1]*2 ; // 2E(k-1)
if( (PID.Ek_Uint32[0]+ PID.Ek_Uint32[2])>Temp[2] ) //E(k-2)+E(k)>2E(k-1)否?
{
Temp[2]=(PID.Ek_Uint32[0]+ PID.Ek_Uint32[2])-Temp[2]; //E(k-2)+E(k)>2E(k-1)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[2]=0; } //E(k-2)+E(k)-2E(k-1)为正数
else
{
Temp[2]=Temp[2]-(PID.Ek_Uint32[0]+ PID.Ek_Uint32[2]); //E(k-2)+E(k)<2E(k-1)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[2]=1; } //E(k-2)+E(k)-2E(k-1)为负数
/****************************************/
Temp[0] = (uint32)PID.KP_Uint8 * Temp[0]; // KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]
Temp[1] = (uint32)PID.KI_Uint8 * PID.Ek_Uint32[0]; // KI*E(k)
Temp[2] = (uint32)PID.KD_Uint8 * Temp[2]; // KD*[E(k-2)+E(k)-2E(k-1)]
/*以下部分代码是讲所有的正数项叠加,负数项叠加*/
/**********KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]**********/
if(PID.EkFlag_Uint8[0]==0)
PostSum += Temp[0]; //正数和
else
NegSum += Temp[0]; //负数和
/********* KI*E(k)****************/
if(PID.EkFlag_Uint8[1]==0)
PostSum += Temp[1]; //正数和
else
; //空操作,E(K)>0
/****KD*[E(k-2)+E(k)-2E(k-1)]****/
if(PID.EkFlag_Uint8[2]==0)
PostSum += Temp[2]; //正数和
else
NegSum += Temp[2]; //负数和
/***************U(K)***************/
PostSum += (uint32)PID.Uk_Uint16;
if(PostSum > NegSum ) // 是否控制量为正数
{ Temp[0] = PostSum - NegSum;
if( Temp[0] < 100 ) //小于上限幅值则为计算值输出
PID.Uk_Uint16 = (uint16)Temp[0];
else
PID.Uk_Uint16 = 100; //否则为上限幅值输出
}
else //控制量输出为负数,则输出0(下限幅值输出)
PID.Uk_Uint16 = 0;
}
}
else
{ PID.Uk_Uint16 = 0; }
}
/*********************************
函数入口: U(K)
函数出口: out(加热输出)
//PID运算植输出函数
********************************/
void PIDOutput (void)
{
static int i;
i=PID.Uk_Uint16;
if(i==0)
out=1;
else out=0;
if((count++)==5)//如定时中断为40MS,40MS*5=0.2S(输出时间单位),加热周期20S(100等份)
{ //每20S PID运算一次
count=0;
i--;
}
}
看你是用什么做,单片机的话就比较麻烦,需要你自己做PID程序。如果是PLC的话就可以用PLC自己的指令向导完成PID(200),你只需要调整参数就可以了。PID算法的输出可以是模拟量,也可以是数字量。数字量输出就是PWM波。
整个系统主控部分采用AT89S52构成系统采用PID控制算法进行运箅,通过单片机AT89S52的开关量控制固态继电器(SSR)占空比”看做控制输入量,于是就可以采
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