推荐回答(4个)
heartsoft 讲得很好,讲到了点上,讲了实质。我补充几点:
1. mind由名词“头脑”,“心” (后者为意译,因为中国古代人认为心为思之器官),转义为及物动词:将(某事情)放在心里(/上),介意(某件事情),后跟名词或相当于名词的动名词作宾语。常见于句型Do you mind opening the window? 这句话中opening the door 是动名词短语,表示开窗这个动作(事情),其逻辑主语就是句子中的主语you, 省略了your 这个词。如果这个动作是“我”发出的,即其逻辑主语是“我”,则说:Do you mind my opening the door? 在口语中可以用人称代词宾格代替所有格:Do you mind me opening the door? 但与see sb. doing sth. 不是一回事。
2. 动名词和现在分词在句子中的作用不同,在形式上完全相同。所以有些语法学家根据形式,将非谓语动词分成 :to 式,-ing 式 和-ed 式,传统语法将它们分成:不定式,动名词和分词。heartsoft 说:“动名词本质上就是现在分词当名词来用”,有点不妥。不如说:动名词本质上就是动词当名词来用,或动词的-ing式作名词用。因为按传统语法,现在分词是不能作名词用的。
现代语法说-ing 可以作名词、形容词、副词用。
3. 及物动词+sb. +to do sth. 这个及物动词有“祈使”之意,即不是请求就是命令。不定式to do sth. 表示“未发生”,“将发生”的事情。如果是have, let, make这三个=“使役”动词,则用无to不定式作宾补:have/let/make sb. do sth. mind 一词没有“使役”也没有“请求”之意。只有“将。。。放在心里”的意思,决定了它没有mind sb. (to)do sth.这一用法。建议楼上不用“介意”这一常用译法来说明。因为 “介意某人去做某事”,{mind sb. (to) do sth.}按汉语的思维,觉得很合情合理的。heartsoft说因为mind是心理活动,因而不能说mind sb. to do sth.是没有说服力的,因为want sb. to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. 中的want, wish也是心理活动动词。
总结:英语的动词的用法有一个习惯的问题,我们要尊重。入乡随从俗。我们尽管现在不在外国,但学外语目的之一就是出国与外国人打交道。不能以汉语的思维来推断。比如:advise和suggest都有“建议”的解释,用法很多相同,但是,你可以说:advise sb. to do sth., 不能说:suggest sb. to do sth. 为什么?说不清,比本题还难说清楚,只有记住了。另外还有两个:
可以说:wish sb. to do sth. 不可以说:hope sb. to do sth.
可以说:order sb. to do sth. 不可以说:demand sb. to do sth.
是常考的语言点,可以分类对比记忆 。
至于有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语,不可以跟不定式作宾语,钱哥川先生曾教我们一词:
Mepscafe, 我发展成:Mepsc(kg)arfid 妹不食咖啡滴:它们是以下20几个词的首字母组成的:
m-- mind, miss
e-- enjoy, escape
p--practise, permit, postpone, put off
s--suggest, stop
c(k/g)--consider, keep, give up
a--avoid, admit, allow, appreciate
r--risk, recommend
f--finish, forbid
i--imange, ignore
d--deny, delay
楼主可以从这些词汇的词义去体会一下,为什么这些词跟动名词而不跟不定式作宾语。
记住下面2个要点之后你今后永远不会糊涂:
1、不定式连接的2个动词之间有先后(承接)关系,后面的动作是承接着前面的动作而发生的。比如want to say中want的动作发生在say之前,这时候后面的不定式对谓语动词want进行补充,作补语。
2、动名词本质上就是现在分词当名词来用,类似地,现在分词和过去分词还可以当形容词或副词来用。所以动名词本质上就是起“名词”的作用,而名词不外乎“人、事、物”3种,而人和物都是有形的个体,事情是无形的抽象对象,所以,动名词就只能代表“事情”。
回到你的问题mind这个词用作动词后表示“在意,放在心上”,它接的自然是事情,也就是opening the door这个事,所以,只有动名词才说得通。倘若改成mind to open(介意某人去做某事)你觉得逻辑上通顺吗?要知道,介意是大脑的行为,是思维活动,不是具体的行为或动作,别人是不能看出你的思维活动的,你可以ask sb to do sth但不能mind sb to do sth。
其实mind的用法是约定俗成,mind其实在作动词的时候有及物动词也有不及物动词,做及物动词也就是说mind后需要加一个名词,就好比do you mind taking a picture for me?你能帮我照相吗?在这里taking这个动名词充当了名词的成分。
作为不及物动词时,它并不严谨,一般体现在口语上,比如说mind you say thanks to your dad.记得跟你爸说声谢谢。
同时它也还有别的组合,比如说never mind,不用客气,别提它。
mind 介意 mind sb doing 或mind one's doing 没有mind sb do sth
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