宋代汝窑瓷器的鉴定要点都有哪些啊?希望能得到比较专业且详细的回答!

2025-01-22 16:53:51
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

1, 看胎。汝瓷胎质细腻,胎色灰中略带着黄色,俗称“香灰胎”。 汝州张公巷汝窑器,胎呈灰白色,比其他窑口的胎色稍白,是北宋官窑的主要特征。
2, 看釉。釉面滋润柔和,纯净如玉,有明显酥油感觉,稍透亮,多呈乳浊或结晶状。用放大镜观察,可见到釉下寥若晨星的稀疏气泡,抚之如绢,如堆脂,温润古朴,素静典雅,纹片晶莹多变为主要特征。
3, 汝瓷釉料有红玛瑙成份在内,所以汝瓷的釉面才能反映淡淡的红色,请注意“釉面”二字,这是真假汝瓷重要标志。后世仿品,尽管釉中也加了玛瑙成份,但就是产生不了淡淡的红色。
4, 看釉面开片。釉面开片较细密,多呈斜裂开片,深浅相互交织叠错,象是银光闪闪的片片鱼鳞,或呈蝉翼纹状,给人以排列有序的层次感。釉中细小沙眼呈鱼子纹、芝麻花和蟹爪纹。并有典型的桔皮釉,部分柳条纹状的开片。清初谷应泰《博物要览》等书中有"汁中棕眼隐若蟹爪"的记载。汝官窑瓷早期产品和后期产品,釉面或多或少都有棕眼存在。棕眼是釉中气泡破裂后留下的痕迹,即孤立的小洞。螃蟹是立行而不是爬行,假若你捉只螃蟹在松软的沙滩上走过,你会看到一个个孤立的小洞。在汝瓷的釉面上就叫蟹爪纹。鱼鳞状开片是北宋汝官窑瓷釉面开片的又一特征。但需要指出的是,并非所有的汝官窑瓷釉面开片都有这一特征。汝官窑早期产品没有鱼鳞开片这一釉面特征。鱼鳞状开片仅发生在豆青釉汝瓷的釉面上。鱼鳞片有外突感,有立体感,汝官窑后期生产的豆青釉汝瓷一部分开片有明显的外突感、立体感。因此才叫"鱼鳞状开片"。 鱼子在水中是以灰白或灰黄的团状或片状物漂浮于水面。而这些漂浮物有异于水色。北宋汝官窑早期产品和后期的产品或多或少釉面均有鱼子纹呈现。鱼子纹是指在汝瓷釉面上有点状或片状有异于汝瓷釉面釉色。
5, 汝瓷是满釉裹足支钉支烧,而支钉数多数为3个或5个,个别器物也采用6个支钉。汝瓷支钉支烧留下的痕迹,形若张开的芝麻花。张公巷的器物呈圆形支钉。个别碗、套盒、凹足钵、洗、器盖等用垫饼支烧工艺。
6, 看器形。汝窑器有瓶、尊、盏托、碗、盘、洗、奁、水仙盆等日用器,少数还有堆花、印花等装饰,底部更有青花年号款,多是用刀笔刻画,和印花、模印等工艺。如:天青花草纹鹅颈瓶、粉青履莲盏托、天青莲花瓣深腹盂、天青牡丹花龙纹钵、莲花纹钵、辐射纹荷叶器座、辐射纹敛口花钵(藏河南),暗花双鱼盘(藏英国)。另外,在传世品的个别器物上还出现有文字。如:“奉华”二字多见于尊、瓶、碟之上。“蔡丙”、“宁”则是见于小碟与洗上。文字虽不是装饰,但仍提高了对器物的鉴赏意趣,其中“奉华”应是宋奉华宫的专用物。器形又分裹足、平底、三足、凹足、葵口、窄板沿和宽板沿诸种。盘分有裹足、凹足、平底、直口和荷花口数种。还有三足洗、弦纹尊(奁)、套盒、尊、方壶、圆壶等,还有为数不多的莲花器座、荷叶器座、镂孔器、鸟、龙等瓷塑工艺品。也用花、鸟、虫、鱼装饰来满足皇亲贵族们的闲情逸趣。
7, 不管传世的,民间的,还是地下随葬的,都会在器物上留下时代的烙印、大自然侵蚀的痕迹、釉面老化的现象……,这些历史留下的烙印、痕迹和现象,后仿和现仿的水平再高也是仿造不象的。

回答2:

汝窑瓷器是官窑系统中传世品最少的一个品种。台北故宫博物院和北京故宫博物院共藏有30余件,约占全世界总收藏量的一半。
一、 造型
汝窑瓷器造型有盘、碗、瓶、洗、尊、盏托、水仙盆等。其中瓶的变化较为丰富,有纸槌瓶、玉壶春瓶、胆瓶等多种。
二、 胎釉
汝窑瓷器胎均为灰白色,深浅有别,都与燃烧后的香灰相似,故俗称“香灰胎”。这是鉴定汝窑瓷器的要点之一。
汝窑瓷釉基本色调是一种淡淡的天青...
跟多详细回答建议你去博宝艺术网看看,里面还有在线专家可以帮你鉴定宝物,希望能够帮到你

回答3:

要买几本书好好看看,还要去博物馆多看实物才行,不是一两句话就可以说的清的,专家有时都会走眼。

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