推荐回答(3个)
1、合理密植。露地定植密度主体密度为2 m×1 m,第1行距地界1.5~2 m,第2行距第1行2 m,第3行距第2行3 m,从第3行算起,每4行2 m的行距,就留1个3 m的行距,依次类推,667 m2栽296株。
2、设施内定植密度主体密度为1.5 m×(1~1.2) m,依据棚宽及支柱情况设计行数。设计中应注意:一是棚腿距边行的距离为行距除以2加0.5 m,以免棚边高度不足影响整形。二是对有支架的大棚,必须沿支架定植,支架两侧酌情定植。不论是拱棚还是温室,一定注意南北棚南北成行,东西棚东西成行,以便微耕机耕作及覆膜。定植前应施足基肥,整地起垄。栽植以秋栽为好,切忌深栽,栽后应浇水覆膜。
3、科学整形修剪。定植后第1年整形修剪,定干定植后立即定干,定干高度为50 cm左右。剪口距芽0.5 cm左右,剪口下必须为饱满芽。将嫁接口处的塑料布及嫁接口以下的萌蘖剪掉。 夏剪(一般为5月上旬)①第1次夏剪。待新枝长至20 cm左右时,最上边一条新枝不剪(如最上边这条新枝长势弱,即全部剪掉,留第2条强旺枝不剪),其余各枝留5~6 cm短截。
4、扶直中干中干偏斜则树形必乱,当主干长至1 m左右时需用2.8 m左右的竹竿扶直主干,捆绑主干与竹竿的绳子系的不要太紧,以免伤及主干。随着主干的增高,一般绑扶3~4次。整形期间如遇梨小食心虫咬去主干新梢情况,则重新扶起新长出的一个枝作主干,靠近主干的其他各枝摘心或短截。
5、冬剪冬剪即落叶后的修剪。修剪目的是均匀树势,通风透光,确定产量和枝量。疏除下部过低的枝条;疏除过旺的枝条,特别是中上部的强旺枝条;疏除过密枝(去中间)和伤病枝;短截没有长够高度的主干延长头(在饱满芽上边 0.5 cm处)。一般1年生树留枝25条左右。
6、结果树采果后的修剪。大棚桃的修剪首先把最下部侧枝修剪成单轴,然后留50~60 cm短截。侧枝留3~4个,多的疏除。修剪应分两次,先剪主干下部70%~80%的部分,10 d后再剪主干上部余下的部分,这一方面避免了上强,另一方面也照顾了地上部分与地下部分生长的协调。如果多效唑使用太重了,重短截后不萌发新枝,则每 7~8 d喷1次碧护(1 g+15 kg水)或赤霉素(1 g+15 kg水),用酒精融化,连喷3次。
一般在嫁接口以上20公分处定干,嫁接口以下的芽(砧木芽)及时抹掉,让上部芽集中营养。在嫁接口以上选留3-4个健壮芽,多余的抹除。定干时一定要区分好盲芽,有叶柄痕迹但没有芽眼。
在嫁接口以上选留的3-4个健壮芽,山东潍坊地区5月10号左右,新枝条长到30-40公分时,选留一个直立旺盛的枝条做主干,可以插竹竿绑缚其上。其余在基部5厘米处转枝(扭伤),使其下垂生长,以解除与主干的竞争优势。6月下旬左右,把转枝(扭伤)的几根枝条剪掉。
等二次枝长到20到30厘米时,要选留2个枝条做牵制枝并捋平。其余的可等长到30厘米时再进行捋枝,使其呈水平生长状态或略微下垂,使枝条角度开张,缓和树势,便于成花。60公分以下的部位清除,60-80公分留2个牵制枝,牵制枝选留不可过低,过低既不利于果园管理作业,又降低了果园的通风透光性。
牵制枝以上的枝条要摘心处理,等枝条长到15公分时要及时摘心,摘掉三分之二或者二分之一,使其重新抽发二次枝,等二次枝长到30——50厘米左右,可以控制枝条生长,促进花芽分化和形成。通过摘心,主干上没有大的粗壮的侧枝,侧枝、主干的比例明显拉开,这样,桃主干形只有一个直立中央主干,主干上骨干枝少、结果枝多。
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