推荐回答（1个）
科学家们很早就发现人的智力差异与特定基因有关，但具体是哪些基因对智力造成影响却一直不清楚。一个由英法德等国研究人员组成的研究小组在最新一期《分子精神病学》杂志上发表论文称，他们首次确认了一个特定基因，该基因变异会影响到大脑皮质的厚度，进而对智力造成影响。研究人员称，这一发现有助于科学家更好地理解某些智力障碍背后的生物机制。
该项研究是欧盟委员会资助的IMAGEN项目的一部分。IMAGEN项目旨在了解影响青少年大脑功能和心理健康的生物和环境因素，以助未来开发出更好的预防策略和治疗方法。研究人员对隶属于IMAGEN项目的近1600名14岁青少年进行了DNA样本分析以及脑部核磁共振扫描，并对他们进行了一系列智力测验，以期发现与智力有关的大脑结构差异情况。
研究者通过对与大脑发育有关的54000个基因变异分析发现，一个特定基因变异会导致大脑左侧半球皮质较薄，尤其是在额叶和颞叶部分，而相应的，这些人的智商测试成绩也要差一些。研究人员还发现，这一基因变异也会影响到NPTN基因的表达，而NPTN基因所编码的蛋白会影响到大脑细胞信号的传递。
为了验证他们的研究结果，研究人员对小鼠和人类大脑细胞中的NPTN基因进行了研究。结果发现，NPTN基因在左脑和右脑的活动并不相同，右脑的皮质厚度和NPTN表达情况均要高于左脑，这种非对称差异使得左脑对NPTN变异的影响更为敏感。研究人员认为，左脑特定区域中NPTN基因功能的退化会导致某些特定的智力差异。
该研究论文的首席作者、英国伦敦国王学院精神病学研究所的希尔文·德斯威瑞斯博士表示，最新确认的基因变异与突触可塑性有关，这有助于科学家理解在某些智力障碍形式中，神经层面上到底发生了什么。她指出，人的智力会受到许多基因以及环境因素的影响，而新确定的基因变异对智力的影响只是很微小的一部分，因而并不能代表“智力基因”的全部，但这一发现仍有助于探明包括精神分裂症、孤独症等在内的与认知能力受损有关的精神疾病的发病机制。
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