推荐回答(1个)
石榴树施肥多了春季不发芽,可经常向枝条洒水,并注意根部浇水的合理性,不干不浇,浇则浇透。不要施肥,过个夏季看看吧,一般来说,只要养护无过失,都会萌发的。
石榴树施肥方法
1、施肥种类
(1)基肥
①夏施基肥:以有机肥料为主,一般5月份施用较好。此时根和果实正继续生长,而枝叶即将停止生长,此时施肥不会引起第2次生长而影响营养积累,遇雨后土壤很快沉实,土、肥、根系密接,利于根系吸收。
②秋施基肥:即在果实采收后立即施用。这时正值根系第2或第3次生长高峰,伤根容易愈合,即使在施肥时切断一些小根,也能起到修剪根系的作用,可促发新根。若加入适量速效氮肥则效果更为明显。
(2)追肥:
①花前追肥:一般在开花前5月上中旬施入,主要施用速效氮、磷、钾肥,及时追肥能满足植株开花坐果的需要。
②花后追肥:在落花后坐果期施用,也是石榴需肥较大时期,此时幼果迅速生长,新梢生长加速,都需要氮素营养,追肥能减少生理落果。如花前追肥量大,花后也可不施。
③果实膨大和花芽分化期追肥:此时期部分新梢停止生长,花芽开始分化,追肥可提高光合效能,促进养分积累和果实膨大,这次施肥应注意氮、磷、钾适当配合。
3、施肥方法
(1)环状沟施肥:在树冠外围挖长1-1.5米、深0.6-0.8米、宽0.8米左右的环状沟,肥料与表土混合后施在地下30厘米深根系主要分布层,施肥后立即覆土,可以结合深翻施入。但挖沟时易切断水平根,且施肥范围较小,一般多用于石榴幼树,有利于根群外引。
(2)放射沟施肥:以树冠为中心,向外挖3-6条内浅外深的放射沟,长1.5米-2米,宽0.5米,将肥料与土充分混合均匀后填平。这种方法较环状施肥伤根少,但挖沟时也要避开大根,可以隔年或隔次更换放射沟位置,扩大施肥面,促进根系吸收。
(3)穴状施肥:在树冠外均匀挖20-30厘米深的小坑,将肥料施入穴内,然后覆盖。
(4)条沟施肥:在石榴行间或株间,隔行或隔株挖沟施肥,也可结合深翻进行。
(5)全园施肥:成年石榴树或石榴密植丰产园,根系布满全园时多采用此法。将肥料均匀撒在石榴树下,再翻入土中。但因施肥浅,常导致根系上翻,降低根系抗逆性,此法可与放射沟施肥隔年更换,互补不足,发挥肥料的最大效用。
(6)灌溉式施肥:结合喷灌、滴灌、漫灌等进行的灌溉式施肥。由于供肥及时,肥分分布均匀,既不伤根系,保护土壤结构,肥料利用率高,又降低成本,提高劳动生产率。灌溉式施肥,对树冠相接的成年石榴园和密植园更为适合,可大力推广。
(7)根外施肥:又称叶面喷肥,此法简单易行,用肥量小,发挥作用快,喷后10-15天吸收明显,25-30天则消失。根外追肥可改善根系营养状况,促进根系发育,增强吸收能力。但根外追肥不能代替土壤施肥,两者互为补充,可发挥施肥的最大效果。
根外追肥喷布的时间最好在夏季上午10点前和下午4点以后,要根据当时的气温、湿度、风速等条件进行,既可喷大量元素,也可喷微量元素。
一般喷施浓度:尿素(氮肥)适宜浓度为200-300倍;腐熟人尿适宜浓度为10-20倍;磷酸二氢钾适宜浓度为250-300倍;过磷酸钙浸出液适宜浓度为30-100倍;草木灰浸出液浓度适宜为30-50倍。
当微量元素缺乏症显现时,要及时喷微肥。如缺铁可于生长季节多次喷布200-300倍硫酸亚铁或柠檬酸铁;缺锌可于发芽前喷布20-30倍硫酸锌;缺硼可在开花前、盛花期或落花后喷布200-300倍硼砂或硼酸,均有很好效果。
(8)穴贮肥水覆膜:宜在土层浅薄、缺水少肥的山地果园应用。早春在树冠垂直投影处,沿主枝方位挖直径为50厘米、深70厘米的穴5-6个,穴间距约80厘米。将麦草或秸秆捆成直径40厘米、长50厘米的草把,将草把竖于穴内,再向穴内填入配好的营养土盖至草把顶部,略低于地面。每穴顺草把灌水15kg左右,水渗下后平整好树盘,用每穴翻出的土在穴周围培一圆环状埂,以利收蓄自然降水,然后用地膜盖穴盘,铺展,压实边缘,在地膜中央凹陷处捅一小孔,再用瓦片或石块压盖,以便以后追肥和灌水。
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