推荐回答(5个)
从手外科医疗的简单定义上讲,只要是影响了手存活和手功能的需要外科治疗的疾病或损伤,都属于手外科治疗的范围。
手部外伤
由于手的工作量大,使用频繁,所以受伤的概率远大于其他的部位。在急诊外伤病人的统计中,手外伤的病人占到了20%~30%,是极为常见,高发生率的疾患;而发生在前臂的肌腱、神经、血管、骨骼的损伤,在上臂的血管,神经,以及颈部的臂丛神经的损伤都影响到了手功能和手存活,都是手外科的诊治范围。
手部感染
在手部,感染性的疾病也很常见,通常有:手指的甲沟炎,具体表现为手指甲沟及根部的红肿和脓肿形成,在早期可以通过药物治疗,而后期则只能是切开引流。手指的化脓性指头炎,表现与甲沟炎相类似,但是脓肿的部位是在手指的指腹,治疗上应该更加积极。其他诸如手掌部的感染,及前臂的筋膜炎,尽管不是非常常见,但是由于治疗上的困难,更不能掉以轻心,应该早就医,早治疗。
先天畸形
手部的先天畸形,手术为唯一的治疗手段。常见的有:多指畸形,常见部位在拇指和小指,俗称“六枝”,手术的时机选择通常两周岁以后,太早由于骨骼的发育不完善,容易导致远期的发育畸形,要二次手术,手术太晚由于发育的本身,赘生指争夺位置及营养,导致健康手指发育不良;并指畸形,就是两个及两个以上的手指并在一起,手术的目的是将手指分离,而由于手指的长度不等,太晚会造成手指的侧弯畸形,所以手术的时机尽量在学龄前,由于皮肤的缺乏,通常都需要植皮,而所植皮肤生长的速度没有正常皮肤快,远期侧弯畸形很常见,常要二次手术。其他的畸形如:叉型手,缺指畸形等,也并不罕见。由于先天畸形发生理论上认为是在妊娠第6~8周时的影响造成的,而治疗只有手术一种方法,所以在妊娠期间的健康保健,预防畸形的发生置关重要。而在儿童期的外伤后造成的后天畸形则是应该尽量避免的,一旦出现则应该在青春期后,骨骼停止发育再行手术治疗,如:马德隆畸形。
手部肿瘤
手部的肿瘤有良恶性之分,常见的良性肿瘤有软骨瘤,骨软骨瘤,起源于软组织的肿瘤有脂肪瘤,纤维瘤,血管瘤,巨细胞瘤,神经鞘瘤,神经纤维瘤等等,肿瘤繁多,但是因为都是良性,所以手术切除,预后良好。在手部常见的假性肿瘤有腱鞘囊肿,俗称“筋包”,也应该手术切除为主。在手部常见的恶性肿瘤有恶性黑色素瘤,鳞癌,由于位于皮肤表面,发现较早,但是容易忽视,尤其是位于指甲下方的恶性黑色素瘤,更是得不到重视,常发展为晚期,所以,发现手指甲的颜色改变,尤其是黑色变,一定要警惕,到医院系统检查。
大概有手外伤,腱鞘炎,先天性并指多指畸形,手部神经损伤及疾病等。以前弟弟是有大脚骨,是在成都显微手足外科医院看过的,专家都是很有经验的。
现在医院的科室都分这么细吗,手外科就是看手部外伤,感染等疾病的!
手足外科都是小医院的科室,听着好听罢了,就是小清创
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