推荐回答(5个)
主要危害叶子,严重时还危害茎、果、花。叶片被害时,叶片背面有不规则或椭圆形的淡黄或绿绿色斑点,为初生的白色霉菌层,后来变成灰棕色或深棕色的绒霉菌层。叶子正面淡黄色,边缘不明显。在严重的情况下,患病的叶子会因干燥和卷曲而死亡。患病植株的下部叶片先发病,逐渐扩散到上部叶片。在严重的情况下,它会导致整个植物的叶子卷曲。果实被感染,从基部向外周扩散,果实表面形成黑色或不规则的斑块,变硬、凹陷。传播途径和疾病状况这种疾病是由枝孢霉感染引起的。一般气温在20~25℃,相对湿度在90%以上,有利于病菌感染和疾病发生。高温高湿对病害有利,但湿度是影响病害的重要因素。病原体通过空气传播,从叶片背面的气孔侵入。
防治方法合理安排轮作。安排与瓜类或其他蔬菜轮作三年以上,以减少土壤中的菌源基数。温室消毒。播种前,每110平方米用0.25公斤硫磺粉和0.50公斤锯末混合,光照消毒,熏蒸过夜,一天后播种。高温闷棚。选择中午晴天,30~33℃高温处理2小时左右,然后及时通风降温,对病菌有很好的控制效果。加强棚内温湿度管理,及时通风,适当控制浇水,浇水后及时通风降湿,雨天和病后控制浇水。合理密植,及时修剪修剪,便于通风透光。应实施配方施肥,避免过量施用氮肥,适当增加磷钾肥。第一次发病后,及时摘除病叶,喷洒药液进行综合防治,注意防治叶背。绿衣公主或者露娜林都可以。
番茄叶霉病主要危害叶片,严重时还危害茎和果实。叶片侵染初期,斑点呈绿色、椭圆形或不规则形,叶片背面的霉菌层呈灰白色;随着病情的发展,叶片正面的病灶呈多角形或不规则形,红棕色、黄色晕圈,叶片背面的霉层呈褐色或深褐色。通常叶子正面没有霉层。最近在山东考察时发现,有几个大棚番茄叶霉病发生严重,叶片正面也出现了厚厚的深褐色霉层。引起番茄叶霉病的病原菌是烟草赤星病菌,其以前的名称包括烟草赤星病菌、番茄黄腐病病菌和番茄枝孢菌。
分生孢子梗成簇,橄榄棕色,顶部颜色和隔膜苍白。每个隔细胞上端向一侧膨大呈节状,长140~365×4~6m,分生孢子呈椭圆形、长圆形、卵形,无色或暗橄榄褐色,隔0~3个,长12~47×4~10m。菌丝在PDA培养基上生长缓慢而紧密,呈灰白色突起。根据环境条件分析,引起番茄叶霉病的黄褐甲菌可在10-35℃生长,最适温度为20-25℃。另外,相对湿度高于80%有利于致病菌的繁殖。病原菌以菌丝在病残体和土壤表面越冬,或潜伏在有分生孢子的种子上;在适宜的温度和高湿度条件下,越冬菌源产生分生孢子,通过气流传播完成初次感染,然后在患病部位产生大量分生孢子,通过快速的气流传播可以多次再感染。
初期叶片正面出现黄绿色、边缘不明显的斑点,叶背面出现灰白色霉层,后霉层变为淡褐至深褐色;湿度大时,叶片表面病斑也可长出霉层。病害常由下部叶片先发病,逐渐向上蔓延,发病严重时霉层布满叶背,叶片卷曲,整株叶片呈黄褐色干枯。嫩茎和果柄上也可产生相似的病斑,花器发病易脱落。果实发病,果蒂附近或果面上形成黑色圆形或不规则斑块,硬化凹陷,不能食用
叶片正面出现不规则形,椭圆形淡黄色褪绿斑,病斑边缘不清晰,叶背病斑上生灰白色,黑褐色浓密霉层,后期霉层变为深灰色,黑褐色。
番茄叶霉病主要是危害叶片,严重时候也危害茎、花和果实.初期叶片正面出现黄绿色、边缘不明显的斑点,叶背面出现灰白色霉层,后霉层变为淡褐至深褐色,湿度大时叶片表面病斑也可长出霉层。病害常由下部叶片叶发病,逐渐向上蔓延,发病严重时霉层不满叶背,叶片会弯曲,整株叶片呈现黄褐色干枯。
叶的背面会出现灰白色霉层,而且叶子会泛黄,同时也会出现不明显的斑点,叶子会卷起来,而且非常的干枯。
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