为什么吃东西有时感到“吃腻了”

2025-01-22 16:58:34
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一个人对于食物的兴趣天天在变,再好吃的东西吃多了也会腻。你可否想过,人为什么会“腻”? 人的行为虽然是通过身体实现的,但幕后指挥它的却是脑。所以,如果要研究人对食物的选择,势必就要有神经科学的介入。脑被包裹在头颅里,空间狭窄,因此它的储藏品就只好放在别处———肝糖和脂肪等燃料存放在机体里,脑依赖血流来提供燃料和氧气。但同时脑对营养物质的需求又很高。虽然脑只占人体体重的2%,但体内20%—30%的燃料都供给了它。 脑还不止这些麻烦事 它还很敏感,需要各种成份的营养物质。因此,人体会不断调节摄入的糖类和蛋白质的比例,以迎合脑的需要。 脑的营养学很复杂,现在科学家搞懂的还不多,不过,有一种物质我们已经了解得够多,它叫血清素。血清素存在脑内,它直接影响你的情绪,当然包括用餐时的情绪。当脑内血清素的浓度过低时,人就会感到情绪沮丧、容易失眠。反之,人就会觉得心情愉快,轻松平和。所以,你不得不在脑的驱使下,设法保证血清素的通路。 血清素当然不能直接从食物中获得,它的前体是色氨酸,也就是说,只有食入足够量的色氨酸,脑才会变得愉快起来。不过,问题没那么简单。我们分解摄入的蛋白质,就能得到足够数量的色氨酸,但是供应量不是关键,脑能得到多少色氨酸,最终还得取决于运输通路的畅通。 血液和脑之间的运输通路存在一个严密的关卡,叫做血脑屏障。这是一道由特殊细胞紧密排列起来的屏障,控制过关的营养物质。只有持有许可证的物质才能顺利通过这道关。那些脑觉得不中意的东西,统统打发回府。 现在,色氨酸军团要出发了,它们晃晃悠悠来到了血脑屏障前。它们当然不是独自过来的,这回,身边有很多别的氨基酸兄弟。血脑屏障前的卫士一瞅,全是氨基酸,烦了:“就开这么大的门,你们自己挤进来吧。”色氨酸吭哧吭哧挤进去1/3,剩下的被无情地拒在门外。 色氨酸们第二次来到血脑屏障的时候,多了几个胰岛素。不对,胰岛素自己可不想通过血脑屏障。它在血脑屏障前一站,开始游说,经它这么一说,别的氨基酸纷纷打道回府,只有色氨酸不乐意回头,这一次,它顺顺溜溜地通过了血脑屏障这一关。 虽然色氨酸也是蛋白质分解出来的,但是如果你吃了太多蛋白质,反而会影响色氨酸进入脑内。而如果身体能想办法促进胰岛素的分泌,就能帮助色氨酸进入脑内,转化为血清素。那该怎么做?吃糖。糖能够促进胰岛素的分泌。 说到这里,这条血清素之路上的情况你已经明了。当你这顿吃了充足的糖类时,色氨酸就会顺顺当当进入脑内,它变成血清素,进而让你心情愉快(这也是为什么吃甜品能让人愉快的原因之一)。于是,下一顿饭,你就不需要那么多的血清素,转而寻求蛋白质了。

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