种植西葫芦时有哪些常见的病害?该如何进行预防?

2025-01-22 23:55:50
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

西葫芦病害不少,读者要及时注意防治。今天介绍主要的六种病害,即白粉病。主要是伤害叶片。发病初期,叶片背面出现白色圆形小粉红斑点,继续扩张周围。严重的时候,叶子都被白色粉末覆盖,后期变成灰白色,有时斑点上会出现小黑点。预防方法:发病初期,喷洒15%三早稻田增湿粉1000~1500倍液或50%硫悬浮剂250~300倍液等,每7天交替喷洒1次,3~4次。灰色霉菌病主要是伤害花和黄瓜。病菌大部分都是从败花中侵入,使花和水果腐烂,并生长出灰色的真菌层。黄瓜受损,组织变成棕褐色,有浅灰色真菌层。预防方法:加强管理,高覆盖地膜,适当调节水分,经常通风,排湿,及时清除病、病叶等。发病期间,交替使用50%真菌加湿粉1000倍液或50%异菌脲1500倍液和50%多菌灵加湿粉500倍液,每6~7天喷洒一次,连续3~4次。

病。苗期发病,子叶损伤部位出现黄斑,最终枯萎死亡。晋叶损害初期呈水浸型,发展为多边形黄色斑点,干燥时容易破裂,高温下反弹生长灰色黑色真菌层。预防方法:58%指甲膏锌500倍液25%莱毒真菌和70%大参锌1: 2混合物500倍液,64%霜锌400倍液,每6~7天一次,3~4次交替喷洒病毒病。发病后植物矮小,叶子皱巴巴,扭曲小,有深绿色和浅绿色的斑点。节气变短,下部叶子逐渐枯黄死亡。果实还表现出黄绿色的斑点,深绿色部分隆起,有疾病和畸形,发病轻的心叶为花瓣。预防方法:首先早期治疗螨虫,阻断该病的传播途径,减少传播机会。其次,在病毒病发病初期,用4%盐酸吗啉双胍溶液喷洒2~3次,如有蔓延趋势,则用抗毒剂1号250~300倍喷洒3~4次。

贺叶病。是一种生理疾病。植物生长中,多片连续叶呈现鸡抖动皱纹,座果率极低,甚至不结果实,容易被误认为病毒病。发病的主要原因是昼夜温差大,空气湿度高,生长点积水受到抑制,叶片发育不正常。生产中要控制好温度变化,防止大温差的出现,调节湿度。菌核病主要危害水果和茎果实感染疾病,残花先浸泡腐烂,后产生白色菌核,菌丝中散落老鼠屎形状的黑色菌核。茎蔓盐病,水浸相病部变成棕色,生长白色菌丝和黑色菌核,最终茎干枯萎死亡。病菌以菌核在土壤中过冬,第二年3月随着气流扩散到植物,3月末开始发病,3~5月是发病的最高峰。预防和治疗方法:可以实施2~3年轮换。在仓库里调节温湿度。实验表明,发病初期,50%真菌加湿粉1000倍液或50%多菌灵加湿粉500倍液,40%菌核净加湿粉1000倍液,65%甲硫真菌加湿粉1000倍液,每10~15天喷洒一次。

回答2:

该病主要危害花和果实。被害花和果实初期呈水渍状,后逐渐软化,患病部位表面长满灰绿色霉状物。最终导致花和果实腐烂。后期患病部有时还长出黑色菌核。药剂防治。用50%扑海因可湿性粉剂1000—1500倍液,50%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂400倍液,每隔6—7天喷1次,连喷2—3次。

回答3:

叶枯病

(1)症状:多发生在生长中后期,一般老叶发病较多,初期在叶缘或叶脉间形成黄褐色死小点,周围有黄绿色晕圈,以后变成圆形小斑,有不明显轮纹,最终小斑互联成不规则坏死大斑,导致叶片枯死。

(2)防治措施:一是物理预防,采用轮作倒茬,避免连茬,深翻土壤,高畦地膜覆盖,定植后中耕,促进根系发育,避免土壤过于干湿。注意坐果不宜过多,注意及时采摘,防止植株早衰和影响根系发育。通过加强管理,经过一段时间后,植株能够恢复正常。

回答4:

灰霉病。该病主要危害花和果实。被害花和果实初期呈水渍状,后逐渐软化,患病部位表面长满灰绿色霉状物。
绵腐病。主要表现为害果实,有时为害叶、茎及其他部位。果实发病初呈椭圆形、水浸状的暗绿色病斑。
防治措施:选择抗病良种,可选用矮生早熟品种、花叶型品种。进行种子消毒,播种前用10%磷酸三钠浸种20分钟,然后洗净催芽播种。也可用55℃温水浸种40分钟,或干种子 70℃热处理3天。

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