推荐回答(2个)
兰花是我国名贵花卉之一,素有“香祖”之誉,已有两千多年的栽培历史。兰花朴实无华,叶色四季常青,叶质柔中带刚,叶态优美 ,秀丽多姿, 即使不在开花期也是观叶的好花卉。一旦开花更是清香满室,沁人肺腑。经历代花农的培育,我国兰花约有一万个品种,其中栽培较广泛的有:蕙兰、春兰、建兰、多花兰、墨兰、寒兰等等,从古自今这些兰花都深受人们所珍爱。
但在人们的印象中,总觉得“兰花难养”,其实不然。兰花原产于山谷下,与草木为伍,并非秉性娇弱,只要熟悉和掌握其生态习性,努力创造适合其生长的环境条件,是完全可以养好的。
兰花栽植用盆,一般以口小盆深为宜,底孔要较一般的大一倍。盆底要放一层粗砂,粗砂上再放一层粗砂,粗砂上再放一层细砂,以利排水。栽兰最忌土没兰茎。用土可选用腐叶土或含腐植质的山泥,事先经过筛、去杂并堆沤半年以上,用时经日光曝晒灭菌。
兰花放置场地要四周空旷,并靠近池塘或小溪,空气湿润,有利于生长。室内可靠窗边,为控制光量,可用窗帘遮荫;春秋午后阳光不直射时,可拉开窗帘接受阳光散射,以增强生命力,促进花芽分化。棚下兰花宜每半月转盆一次,使四面受光均匀,有利于根叶生长整齐。
兰花宜干不宜湿。水质以河水、雨水为好,自来水必须贮存一天,让有害气体挥发后才用。平时浇水要从盆边浇,不可浇到叶上。夏季浇水要在早晚进行,但不宜浇得太多。新植兰花根有损伤,更要保持稍干一些。
兰花忌浓肥,以豆饼肥较好,鱼腥水,人粪尿也可以。生长衰弱及新植兰花不宜施肥,生长旺盛的可于4至6月间施稀薄腐熟豆饼肥水。夏季炎热,停止施肥。9月以后可施一、二次稀薄豆饼水。要经常把枯黄的老叶和折断的叶片剪去,以利通风,并保持株型美观。兰花长期要求荫湿环境,易为介壳虫危害,应注意防治。
兰花喜阴、温暖、湿润,怕日晒、酷热、干燥气候。在排水良好,富含腐殖质的酸性土壤中可生长良好。浇水不宜过勤和太湿。兰花施肥以豆饼肥为好,硫酸铰、磷酸二氢钾等酸性肥料也较适宜。生长旺季半月至二十天可施一次,以稀释的液肥为好,平时少施,休眠期不施。
工具/原料
室内 室外
花盆
方法/步骤
放在室内通风良好、光照不到但可见光良好的地方
花盆中以碎瓦片垫底后,可使用陶粒铺底,保持其良好透气性。可用干苔藓、地衣等作为锁水保湿和保温的上层铺垫
保证定时浇水的同时,如摸陶粒感觉发干,可在托盘上倒水,从过返潮的水分蒸发保持其根部湿润室内空气要保持一定湿度,可以用喷壶定时喷一喷花盆和花周围
给兰株根部供水的方法有:灌、洒(淋)、浸三种。“灌”就是用水壶沿盆边注水,此法的优点是水不会灌到叶心,缺点是浇水速度慢,且难以浇透,要反复灌多次才能达到浇透的效果。“洒”就是用喷壶或莲蓬头洒水,把整个养兰环境都喷湿,让水从土表渗到兰根,湿润兰盆,此法的优点是水可浇透整个兰盆,缺点是水易溅到叶心内,要小心使用,否则会烂心。“浸”就是将兰盆的四分之三连同植料一起浸入水中,优点是水可浸透,缺点是容易传播细菌,且费工费时。养兰高手常将这三种方法混合使用,效果十分理想。
给兰叶供水的方法有:喷、增湿二种。“喷”就是用喷雾器喷出细雾,直接散落在兰叶上,让兰叶通过气孔吸收进体内。“增湿”就是增加空气湿度,让兰叶吸收。增湿的方法亦有几种:一是用增湿机弥雾,增加空间湿度;二是增加水面,在兰架下多设水盆,靠水分挥发来增加空间湿度;三是人工模拟降雨,溅起水雾,增加空气湿度;另外亦有用增氧泵放水盆内帮助挥发水气等等。
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