推荐回答(5个)
整体上分两类,一类是整型常量,一类是浮点型常量。细致上分,整型常量还包括字符常量、字符串常量。
①. 整型常量 如6,27,-299
②. 浮点型常量 如5.43,-2.3,5.43F(单精度)、2.3f(小写的f也可以)
③. 字符常量 如‘6’,‘a’,L'中'(宽字符常量)
④. 字符串常量 如“6”,“男”,“nanabc”
C语言中的常量可以分为:整型常量、实型常量和字符型常量和字符串常量,
另外还有符号常量和有名常量.、
整型,例如:-123, 0xff (十六进制), 022(八进制)
实型, 例如:3.14, 3.14f (单精), 3.14lf (双精), 1.2e04(科学)
字符常量, 'A'
字符串常量, "abc123"
转义字符常量 '\0' "\n"
宏定义标识符常量 #define e 2.71
程序中的 e 编译时会被2.71 替代,
逻辑型常量 TRUE (实际上也是宏定义常量)
差不多就这几种吧····
C语言中的常量可以分为:整型常量、实型常量和字符型常量和字符串常量,
另外还有符号常量和有名常量.、
整型,例如:-123, 0xff (十六进制), 022(八进制)
实型, 例如:3.14, 3.14f (单精), 3.14lf (双精), 1.2e04(科学)
字符常量, 'A'
字符串常量, "abc123"
转义字符常量 '\0' "\n"
宏定义标识符常量 #define e 2.71
程序中的 e 编译时会被2.71 替代,
逻辑型常量 TRUE (实际上也是宏定义常量)
差不多就这几种吧····
unsigned int Offset; /*无符号整型*/
unsigned Offset; /*无符号整型,等价于上面*/
short int SmallAmt; /*短整型*/
short SmallAmt; /*短整型,等价于上面*/
unsigned short int Month; /*无符号短整型*/
unsigned short Month; /*无符号短整型,等价于上面*/
从上面的示例可以看出,当定义长整型、短整型、符号整型或无符号整型时,可以省略关键字int。
注明:
1.用signed对整型变量进行有符号指定是多余的,因为除非用unsigned指定为无符号型,否则整型都是有符号的。
2.当一个变量有几重特性时,声明关键字的顺序可以任意。以下几种声明是等价的:
unsigned long T1;
long unsigned T2;
unsigned long int T3;
unsigned int long T4;
long unsigned int T5;
long int unsigned T6;
int unsigned long T7;
int long unsigned T8;
(三)、浮点类型变量
顾名思义,浮点类型变量是用来存储带有小数的实数的。
C语言中有三种不同的浮点类型,以下是对这三种不同类型的声明示例:
float Amount; /*单精度型*/
double BigAmount; /*双精度型*/
long double ReallyBigAmount; /*长双精度型*/
这里Amount,BigAmount,ReallyBigAmount都是变量名。
浮点型都是有符号的。
(四)、字符型变量
字符型变量中所存放的字符是计算机字符集中的字符。对于PC机上运行的C系统,字符型数据用8位单字节的ASCII码表示。程序用类型说明符char来声明字符型变量:
char ch;
这条声明语句声明了一个字符型变量,标识符为ch。当以这种形式声明变量之后,程序可以在表达式中引用这个变量,关于语句和表达式的知识在后面将会介绍。
字符数据类型事实上是8位的整型数据类型,可以用于数值表达式中,与其他的整型数据同样使用。在这种情况下,字符型变量可以是有符号的,也可以是无符号的。对于无符号的字符型变量可以声明为:
unsigned char ch;
除非声明为无符号型,否则在算术运算和比较运算中,字符型变量一般作为8位有符号整型变量处理。
还有其他的如指针型变量,void型变量,以后再介绍。
二、常量
常量的意思就是不可改变的量,是一个常数。同变量一样,常量也分为整型常量、浮点型常量、字符型常量,还有字符串常量、转义字符常量和地址常量。
(一)、整型常量
整型常量可以是长整型、短整型、有符号型、无符号型。在Tubbo C 2.0里有符号整型常量的范围从-32768到32767,无符号整型的为0到65535;有符号长整型的范围为-2147483648到2147483647。无符号长整型的范围为0到4294967295。短整型同字符型。
可以指定一个整型常量为二进制、八进制或十六进制,如以下语句:
-129, 0x12fe, 0177
常量的前面有符号0x,这个符号表示该常量是十六进制表示。如果前面的符号只有一个字母0,那么表示该常量是八进制。
有时在常量的后面加上符号L或者U,来表示该常量是长整型或者无符号整型:
22388L, 0x4efb2L, 40000U
整型常量、实型常量和字符型常量和字符串常量,另外还有符号常量和有名常量.
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