推荐回答（2个）
营养繁殖就是指植物体的营养器官——根、茎、叶的某一部分脱离母体后,重新长成为一个新植物体的繁殖方式.许多植物的营养器官具有再生能力,脱离母体的部分能长出不定根和不定芽,并进一步长成为能够独立生活的新植株.有些长期进行营养繁殖的植物,有性器官也退化,不能发生作用.\x0d植物不经人工辅助,在自然情况下进行营养繁殖产生新植株的方式,称为自然营养繁殖.自然营养繁殖通常借助于鳞茎、块茎、球茎、根茎、块根等变态的营养器官来进行.如,百合、水仙等植物鳞茎的鳞叶内贮有大量养分,作为植物次年开花结实时的养料；马铃薯、菊芋等植物块茎上的顶芽和芽眼内的腋芽都可以在来年生长发育,长成新植株；慈菇、荸荠等利用球茎繁殖的方式与块茎相似；竹、姜和田间杂草如白茅、小蓟等植物以地下的根茎来繁殖；甘薯、大丽菊等植物的营养繁殖常在块根的近茎端长出不定芽,在块根的尾端长出须状不定根；洋槐、白杨等木本植物的一般根上,会生出许多不定芽,这些不定芽长成后,也能达到繁殖的目的；草莓等植物以地面蔓延的匍匐茎来进行营养繁殖；落地生根则从落叶的边缘长出不定根和不定芽.\x0d在生产上,人们为了保存植物的优良品系或是创造新的品种,通常利用人工的方法来进行营养繁殖,称为人工营养繁殖.人工营养繁殖在农、林、园艺等生产实践中被广泛采用.生产实践中经常采用的人工营养繁殖措施有分离、扦插、压条和嫁接等.\x0d分离繁殖是指将由植物体的根茎、匍匐枝等器官长成的新植株,人为地加以分割,使之与母体分离,移栽在适当场所任其发育长大的方法,如草莓、苹果、樱桃、银杏等的繁殖.\x0d扦插就是剪取植物的一段枝条、一段根或一张叶片,插入湿润的土壤或其他排水良好的基质上,经过一定时间以后,从插入的枝段、根段或叶片上长出不定根,并由后来的芽体,或新长成的不定芽发展为新个体.如柳、杨的插枝繁殖；梨、苹果、无花果的根插繁殖；秋海棠、柑桔的叶扦插繁殖等.\x0d压条是将采用一定措施长成不定根后的新植株,从母体上剥离栽植的方法,通常用于生根比较缓慢的植物.如葡萄、茶、白兰花、桂花等.\x0d嫁接是将一株植物上的枝条或芽体,移接在另一株带根的植株上,使二者彼此愈合,共同生长在一起的方法.嫁接又可分为靠接、枝接、芽接等方法.嫁接在改良植物的品系和提高产量等方面,是其他营养繁殖所不具备的.
不用种子繁殖植物的方法很多，如扦插、嫁接、分株、压条、块茎种植、组织培养等。
1，扦插：可分为枝插与叶插、根插
枝插：如月季、三角梅、红薯等很多植物用短枝扦插。
叶插如宝石花、秋海棠、椒草。
根插如枣、柿、核桃、长山核桃、山核桃、漆树等常用此法
2，嫁接：如桂花等木犀属植物嫁接在女贞、小叶女贞上。
3，压条：分为压条与高压。
压条：如石榴等把接近地面枝条环割皮层，埋入土中，待其生根。
高压，也称空中压条：高大或不易弯曲的植株如山茶、 桂花、 龙眼、 荔枝等 将高层枝刮去形成层或纵刻成伤口，用容器装土，包住切口，生根后截下种植。
4，分株：如截下铁树的萌发小株分栽，用吊兰走枝上的小株分植。
5，块茎种植：如马铃薯等以块茎种植。
6，组织培养：以植物的细胞置于培养基内，培养而成植株，现已在马铃薯、甘薯、大蒜、石竹、百合、兰花、草莓等植物上得到成功。
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