植物叶片颜色发生异常变化,如何判定它是否缺乏某种元素?
推荐回答(4个)
1.如果老叶发黄,嫩叶正常,就是缺镁
2.如果嫩叶发黄,老叶正常,就是缺铁
3.如果植株矮小瘦弱,叶片暗绿,就是缺磷
4如果植株矮小,叶片发黄,就是缺氮
从植物生理学来简单判定,一般缺少N,C等轻元素老叶会发黄,而缺少Fe等重元素叶尖会发黄,另外有的植物缺少Zn时,会发育成小叶小花,缺少Cu似乎会产生紫色斑点,可以找一些图片进行对照。
当然还是得看具体植物,具体问题才行。
分成两组,用全营养液和缺乏某种元素的营养液培养,,
http://www.aeol.cn/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=98&Id=51124
缺素症状检索表:
A、响到全株或局部的老叶,特别表现在下部老叶:
1.影响到全株老叶明显变黄和死亡:
a. 叶浅绿色,植株矮也茎细,有的裂开,叶小,下部时浅绿色,黄色后转为褐色而枯死………………………………………………………………缺氮
b.叶暗绿,生长慢,有时下时叶脉(尤其是叶柄)黄色且带紫色,落叶早……………………………………………………………………·缺磷
2. 经常局部影响较老的和下部的叶:
a .下部叶靠近顶部和边缘有斑点,通常坏死。边缘开始变黄并继续向中间发展,以后老时凋落………………………………………………………缺钾
b.下部叶黄化,在后期坏死。叶脉间黄化,阶)脉为正常绿色,叶边缘向上或向下有揉皱,叶脉间突然坏死……………………………………………缺镁
B. 局部影响新时:
1.顶芽生长良好:
a.时黄化,时脉保持绿色:
①通常无坏斑点,在极端情况下,边缘和顶部有坏死,有时向内发展,仅较大的叶脉保持绿色……………………………………………………………缺铁
②通常有坏死斑点,并分散整个叶面,呈棋格或最终呈网状,只有最小叶脉保持绿色,花小色彩差………………………………………………………缺锰
b.叶呈淡绿色,时脉色比叶中间淡,坏死较少,老叶很少或不死亡………………………………………………………………………缺硫
2.顶芽通常死亡
a.也的尖端和边缘坏死,顶端有弯曲,出现上述症状之前根已死亡………………………………………………………………缺钙
b.嫩叶基部碎裂,茎及时柄脆弱,分生组织死亡,有增加分枝的趋势…………………………………………………………………缺硼
缺氮:植株浅绿、基部老叶变黄,干燥时呈褐色。茎短而细,分枝或分蘖少,出现早衰现象。若果树缺氮则表现为果小、果少、果皮硬等现象;植株瘦弱,枝条细长发硬,叶小花小。叶色从老叶到新叶由浓绿而渐变淡,继而出现红紫色,直到萎黄脱落,严重时全株失去绿色。
防治方法:增施腐熟的人粪尿、饼肥、厩肥或硫酸铵、尿素、硝酸铵等肥料。
缺磷:植株深绿,常呈红色或紫色,干燥时暗绿。茎短而细,基部叶片变黄,开花期推迟,种子小,不饱满;叶片由深绿色转为紫铜色,叶脉(尤其是叶柄)呈黄中带紫色。花芽形成困难,开花小而少且色淡,导致果实发育不良,甚至提早枯萎凋落。
防治方法:增施骨粉、鱼粕,家禽肥或过磷酸钙、磷酸铵、磷酸钾(为磷、钾复合肥),一般用0.10%左右的水溶液作根外追肥。
缺钾:茎易倒伏,叶片边缘黄化、焦枯、碎裂,脉间出现坏死斑点,整个叶片有时呈杯卷状或皱缩,褐根多。粮食类作物及其他含糖量大的作物生长后期需钾量较大,如禾谷类和马铃薯、甘薯、西瓜、葡萄等;植株矮小,茎杆柔软易倒伏。叶片常皱缩,老叶由叶尖沿着叶边出现黑褐色斑色,叶周围变黄,而中部及叶脉搏仍呈绿色。
防治方法:增施草木灰、1%~2%氯化钾水溶液(球根和块根花卉忌用),0.30%~0.50%的硝酸钾水溶液作根外追肥,用磷酸钾等无机肥料也可。
缺镁:叶片变黄,有时杂色(和缺氮的区别),叶脉仍绿,而叶脉间变黄,有时呈紫色,出现坏死斑点;植株生长不旺盛。老叶由下至上从叶缘至中央渐失绿变白,叶脉上出现各色斑点,最后全叶变黄。
防治方法:用0.20%~0.40%的硫酸镁水溶液连续喷3—4次,每次间隔7~10天。严重缺镁的土壤每亩用5~10千克硫酸镁,于秋季或冬季混入基肥中施入土壤。
缺硫:嫩叶从叶脉开始黄化,最后直至全叶发黄,根系发育不正常。
缺铁:脉间失绿,呈清晰的网纹状,严重时整个叶片,尤其是幼叶,呈淡黄色,甚至发白。如香樟、栀子花等易表现此症状;从嫩叶至老叶黄化。
缺硫、缺铁防治方法:可用0.30%硫酸亚铁水溶液喷施,连续3次,每次间隔1周,喷时雾点需细而匀。同时可用0.20%的尿素铁水溶液进行根外追肥。
缺硼:首先表现在顶端,如顶端出现停止生长现象。幼叶畸形、皱缩。叶脉间不规则退绿。油菜的花而不实,棉花的蕾而不花,苹果的缩果病,萝卜的心腐病等皆属于缺硼的原因。
缺锌:叶小簇生,叶面两侧出现斑点,植株矮小,节间缩短,生育期推迟。如果树的小叶病,玉米的花白苗等。
缺铜:新生叶失绿,叶尖发白卷曲呈纸捻状,叶片出现坏死斑点,进而枯萎.
缺钙:嫩叶绿且皱缩,叶缘上卷并有白色条纹,花朵受阻,新叶难以展开或呈病状扭曲。
防治方法:在播种或上盆前半月,在土中施适量的氯化钙,能起到增钙和消毒的功效(喜酸性花卉忌用),也可用硝酸钙作追肥。
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