(1)已知:2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+4H2O(g)△H1;2CH3OH(g)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+4H2O(g)

2025-01-23 23:32:00
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

(1)根据盖斯定律,将已知反应①-②-③×4得到ch3oh(l)+o2(g)=co(g)+2h2o(l),所以该反应的△h=(-1275.6kj/mol)-(-566.0kj/mol)-(-44.0kj/mol)×4=442.8kj?mol-1,即ch3oh(l)+o2(g)=co(g)+2h2o(l)△h=-442.8kj?mol-1,
故答案为:ch3oh(l)+o2(g)=co(g)+2h2o(l)△h=-442.8kj?mol-1;
(2)常温下,向10ml 0.01mol?l-1 h2c2o4溶液中滴加10ml 0.01mol?l-1naoh溶液反应得到的溶液中溶质为nahc2o4,溶液显酸性,电离大于水解,溶液中离子浓度大小为:c(na+)>c(hc2o4-)>c(h+)>c(c2o42-)>c(oh-),
故答案为:c(na+)>c(hc2o4-)>c(h+)>c(c2o42-)>c(oh-);
(3)①平衡时co的物质的量为1.6mol,则:

co(g)+h2o(g)?co2(g)+h2(g),
开始(mol):2
1
0
0
变化(mol):0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
平衡(mol):1.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
所以平衡常数k=
0.4mol
2l
×
0.4mol
2l
1.6mol
2l
×
0.6mol
2l
=
1
6
=0.17,故答案为:0.17;
②在反应中当反应物的物质的量之比等于化学计量数之比时,各反应物的转化率相等,某一种反应物越多,其转化率越低,而另一种反应物的转化率则越高,所以要使co的转化率大于水蒸气,则0<
a
b
<1,故答案为:0<
a
b
<1;
③900℃时,当co、h2o、co2、h2均为1mol时,浓度商qc=
1
2
×
1
2
1
2
×
1
2
=1>0.17=k,所以此时平衡要逆向移动,故v正<v逆,故答案为:<;
(4)①依据聚丙烯酸钠是加成聚合反应生成,单体为丙烯酸钠,结构简式为ch2=chcoona,故答案为:ch2=chcoona;
②石墨电极电解na2cro4溶液,实现了na2cro4到na2cr2o7的转化,电解池中阳极是溶液中氢氧根离子失电子生成氧气,阴极是cro42-得到电子生成cr2o72-,阳极电极反应为4oh--4e-=2h2o+o2↑,
故答案为:4oh--4e-=2h2o+o2↑;

回答2:

(1)液体甲醇变为气态的过程是吸热的,焓变都是负值,所以△H1>△H2,故答案为:>;
(2)已知:①2H2(g)+O2(g)═2H2O(g)△H1
②2HCl(g)═Cl2(g)+H2(g)△H2
③2Cl2(g)+2H2O(g)═4HCl(g)+O2(g)△H3
根据盖斯定律,反应③可以是-①-②×2得到的结果,所以△H3=-△H1-2△H2,故答案为:-△H1-2△H2
(3)已知:①CH4(g)+4NO2(g)=4NO(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H=-574kJ?mol-1
②CH4(g)+4NO(g)=2N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H=-1160kJ?mol-1
利用盖斯定律,将题中反应

①+②
2
可得:CH4(g)+2NO2(g)=N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g);△H=-867kJ?mol-1
故答案为:CH4(g)+2NO2(g)=N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H=-867 kJ?mol-1

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