推荐回答(3个)
经线:
连接南北两极的并同纬线垂直相交线,也称子午线。经线指示南北方向;所有经线都呈半圆状且长度相等;两条正相对的经线形成一个经线圈;任何一个经线圈都能把地球平分为两个半球。
纬线:
在地球仪上,顺着东西方向,环绕地球仪一周的圆圈,叫做纬线。所有的纬线都相互平行,并与经线垂直,纬线指示东西方向。纬线圈的大小不等,赤道为最大的纬线圈,从赤道向两极纬线圈逐渐缩小,到南、北两极缩小为点。
赤道:
赤道是地球表面的点随地球自转产生的轨迹中周长最长的圆周线,长约40700公里。如果把地球看做一个绝对的球体的话,赤道距离南北两极相等。它把地球分为南北两半球,其以北是北半球,以南是南半球,是划分纬度的基线,赤道的纬度为0.
在地球仪上,你可以看到一条条纵横交错的线,这就是经纬线。连接南北两极的线,叫经线。和经线相垂直的线,叫纬线。纬线是一条条长度不等的圆圈。最长的纬线,就是赤道。
经线和纬线是人们为了在地球上确定位置和方向,在地球仪和地图上画出来的,地面上并没有画着经纬线。不过,你想要看到你所在地方的经线并不难:立一根竹竿在地上,当中午太阳升得最高的时候,竹竿的阴影就是你所在地方的经线。因为经线指示南北方向,所以,经线又叫子午线。
在地图上,通过地球表面上任何一点,都能画出一条经线和一条与经线相垂直的纬线。这样,就能画出无数条经线和纬线来。怎么样才能够区别出这些经线和纬线呢?最好的办法是给每一条经线和纬线都起上一个名字,这就是经度和纬度。用经度表示各条经线的名称,用纬度表示各条纬线的名称。
国际上规定,把通过英国格林威治天文台原址的那条经线,叫做0°经线,也叫本初子午线。从0°经线向东叫东经;向西叫西经。由于地球是个球体,所以东、西经各有180°。东经180°和西经180°是在同一条经线上,那就是180°经线。
最长的纬线圈——赤道,叫做0°纬线。从赤道向北度量的纬度叫北纬;向南的叫南纬。南、北纬各有90°。北极是北纬90°。
由于经线连接南北两极,所以,所有的经线长度都相等,都表示南北方向。纬线都表示东西方向。经线和纬线互相垂直、互相交织,就构成了经纬网。我们在阅读地图的时候,就可以借助经纬网来辨别方向,也可以判断出地球上任何一点的经纬度位置。
经线和纬线还可以把地球划分成几个不同的半球。象切西瓜一样,把地球沿赤道切开,赤道以北的半球,叫北半球;赤道以南的半球叫南半球。如沿西经20°和东经160°经线把地球切开,由西经20°向东到东经160°的半球叫东半球;以西的半球叫西半球。
纬线:在地球仪上,顺着东西方向,环绕地球仪一周的圆圈,叫做纬线。所有的纬线都相互平行,并与经线垂直,纬线指示东西方向。纬线圈的大小不等,赤道为最大的纬线圈,从赤道向两极纬线圈逐渐缩小,到南、北两极缩小为点。
赤道:
赤道是地球表面的点随地球自转产生的轨迹中周长最长的圆周线,长约40700公里。如果把地球看做一个绝对的球体的话,赤道距离南北两极相等。它把地球分为南北两半球,其以北是北半球,以南是南半球,是划分纬度的基线,赤道的纬度为0.
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