推荐回答(5个)
鱼类,是最古老的脊椎动物,我国约有2000种鱼类,常见的有:带鱼、大黄鱼、鳓鱼、鲳鱼、鲐鱼、鲅鱼、大马哈鱼、鲚鱼、鲥鱼等。
鱼类分为两个总纲:无颌总纲及有颌总纲,无颌总纲包括圆口纲、甲胄鱼纲,有颌总纲包括盾皮鱼纲、软骨鱼纲、辐鳍鱼纲,大多数鱼类是终年生活在水中,用鳃呼吸,用鳍辅助身体平衡与运动的变温脊椎动物。
也有像非洲肺鱼、弹涂鱼、攀鲈能在陆地上长时间生存,以及黑鱼、黄鳝、雀鳝靠单鳔呼吸,虽然大多数鱼类是冷血动物,但很多鲨鱼和金枪鱼是半恒温的,月亮鱼则是恒温的。全球现生种鱼类共有36000多种,平均每年以约150种计,十多年应已增加超过1500。
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扩展资料
鱼类的分布范围及种类
一、海洋
约80%分布在浅海大陆架区 ,特别是印度洋-太平洋的热带、亚热带海区。在寒带与亚寒带海区分布的主要经济鱼类有鲱、鳕、鲑、鲽和鲭等;在亚热带海区分布的主要是沙丁鱼、鯵和鲐;在热带、亚热带海区则分布金枪鱼等。
中国的海洋鱼已知的余约有2000种,常见的有带鱼、大黄鱼、鳓鱼、等。我国近海区的海洋鱼类区系可划分为5个分区:
渤海、北黄海分区,以暖温性鱼类为主。
南黄海、东海近海分区,以暖水性鱼类为主。
东海外海分区,处于黑潮主干流经海区,主要为暖水性鱼类。
南海大陆沿岸分区,以暖水性鱼类为主。
南海外海分区,多为热带性珊瑚礁鱼类,总数近千种。
二、淡水
分原生和次生两大类,前者如鲤形目等鱼类,后者如丽鱼科以及其他由海洋进入淡水生活的鱼类,比较能耐半咸水环境。中国的淡水鱼有1000多种,我国的淡水鱼类区系可分为5个分区:
北方山麓分区,分布冷水性鱼类,如茴鱼、狗鱼、江鳕与杜父鱼等。
华西高原分区,以冷水性、地向性鱼类为主,如鲤科的条鳅、河鲈等。
宁蒙分区,以冷温性、古老性鱼类为主,如刺鱼与雅罗鱼。
江河平原分区,以暖水性、静水性鱼类为主,如胭脂鱼科与鲤科的大部分种类。
华南分区,以南方暖水性、急流性鱼类为主,如鲤科的鲃亚科与平鳍鳅科等。
中国的内陆水域不仅有丰富的鲤科鱼类,并且有团头鲂、著名的“四大家鱼”(青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼)、鲮等优良养殖鱼种。多数地区气候温和、水面众多,雨量充足是发展淡水养鱼的优越条件。
参考资料来源:百度百科-鱼类
参考资料来源:百度百科-鱼
水中生活的动物:
1. 鱼
(1)鱼的种类:
在脊椎动物中,鱼的种类和数量是最多的,现存的鱼类约有2万多种。根据鱼类生活水域的不同可分为淡水鱼类和海洋鱼类。我国有丰富的鱼类资源,我国的淡水鱼类约有800种,常见的有鲫鱼(如图)、鲤鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼等,我国的海洋鱼类已知的有1600多种,常见的有带鱼、大黄鱼等。
鱼类动物有鉴于其余鲤鱼锦鱼。还有香喷喷的红烧鱼清蒸鱼。
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