自喷系统构造及原理是什么?

2025-04-03 09:06:33
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

‍‍湿式喷水灭火系统主要由以下几部分构成:水箱:在正常状态下维持管网的压力,当火灾发生的初期给管网提供灭火用水。水力警铃:用于湿式、干式、干湿两用式、雨淋和预作用自动喷水灭火系统中,是自动喷水灭火系统中的重要部件。当火灾发生时,由报警阀流出带有一定压力的水驱动水力警铃报警。警铃流量等于或大于一个喷头的流量时立即动作。湿式报警阀:安装在总供水干管上,连接供水设备和配水管网,一般采用止面阀的形式。当管网中有喷头喷水时,就破坏了阀门上下的平衡压力,使阀板开启接通水源和管网。同时部分水流通过阀座上的环形槽,经信号管道送至水力警铃,发出音响报警信号。消防水泵结合器:用于给消防车提供供水口。火灾收信机(消防控制中心):在控制室内安装,用于接收系统传来的电信号及发出控制指令。压力罐(未设置):用于自动启动消防水泵。

‍‍‍‍当管网中的水压过低时,与压力罐连接的压力开关发出信号给控制箱,控制箱接到信号后发出指令启动消防泵给管网增压。当管网水压达到设定值后消防水泵停止供水。消防水泵:给消防管网中补水用。闭式喷头:可分为易溶金属式、双金属片式和玻璃球式三种,其中以玻璃球式应用最多;正常情况下,喷头处于封闭状态。当有火灾发生且温度达到动作值时喷头开启喷水灭火。水流指示器:其动作原理是,当水流指示器感应到水流动时,其电触点动作,接通延时电路(延时20~30 s)。延时时间到后,通过继电器触发,发出声光信号给控制室,以识别火灾区域。压力开关:是自动喷水灭火系统的自动报警和控制附件,它能将水压力信号转换成电信号。当压力超过或低于预定工作压力时,电路就闭合或断开,输出信号至火灾报警控制器或直接控制启动其他电气设备。延时器:是一个罐式容器,安装在报警阀与水力警铃之间。用以对由于水源压力突然发生变化而引起的报警阀短暂开启,或对因报警阀局部渗漏而进入警铃管道的水流起一个暂时容纳的作用。从而避免虚假报警。只有真正发生火灾时,喷头和报警阀相继打开,水流源源不断地大量流入延时器,经30 s左右冲满整个容器,然后冲入水力警铃报警。试警铃阀:用于人工测试。打开试警铃阀泻水,使报警阀自动打开,水流充满延迟器后可使压力开关及水力警铃动作报警。放水阀:用于检修时放空管网中余水。末端试水装置:设在管网末端,用于自动喷水灭火系统等流体工作系统中。该试水装置末端接相当于一个标准喷头流量的接头,打开该试水装置,可进行系统模拟试验调试。利用此装置可对系统进行定期检查,以确定系统是否能正常工作。试验喷头:安装于屋顶,每年校验喷头性能;压力表,观察系统水压是否正常;水箱下止回阀:防止消防水进入水箱;火灾信号传感器:感应火灾信号。

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回答2:

‍‍自动喷水灭火系统分为开式(也叫雨淋)和闭式系统民用建筑大多都为湿式系统,闭式系统又分为湿式、干式、干湿式、预作用、重复启闭预作用(也叫循环系统)。用在湿式系统上的叫湿式报警阀,依次为干式报警阀、与作用报警阀等等开式系统(也叫雨淋系统)分为水喷雾细水雾水幕系统,用在开式系统上的叫雨淋报警阀,与水雾喷头、细水雾喷头、水幕喷头组合就形成了水喷雾系统、细水雾系统、水幕系统;用在预作用和循环系统上的叫预作用阀,国内大多用雨淋阀代替。湿式报警阀和雨淋报警阀的主要区别就是系统处于准工作状态时的情况,闭式的报警阀是常开的,喷头喷水后不需要再打开报警阀;而雨淋报警阀是常闭的,需要与火灾自动报警系统联动,火警信号确认后(收到两级与门报警信号),打开雨淋阀(通过传动管上的电磁阀),压力开关动作(需要稳压装置提供压力,电磁阀打开后,压力开关动作),启动消防水泵,喷头喷水灭火。

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回答3:

‍‍消火栓箱内的报警按钮,现在已经没有直接启动消防泵的功能了,如今消防泵由稳压设备上的压力开关和消防泵或消防水箱出水管上的流量开关自动启动,这两者都需要消火栓出水才可以有反应信号,如果是有屋面消防水箱的情况,还可以实现,如果是没有屋面水箱稳压也没有稳压设备的话,消火栓打开时是没有水的,也就无法自动启动消火栓泵了。有屋面水箱的也必须要保证最不利点消火栓压力好像是不小于7米吧,否则也要加稳压设备。喷淋系统就更不用说了,喷头工作原理是火灾时玻璃头炸裂直接喷水,所以必须时刻保证管网压力。

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