铝电解电容的寿命

2025-02-16 11:27:34
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

首先要明确一点,铝电解电容一定会坏,只是时间问题。影响电容寿命的原因有很多,过电压,逆电压,高温,急速充放电等等,正常使用的情况下,最大的影响就是温度,因为温度越高电解液的挥发损耗越快。需要注意的是这里的温度不是指环境或表面温度,是指铝箔工作温度。厂商通常会将电容寿命和测试温度标注在电容本体。
因电容的工作温度每增高10℃寿命减半,所以不要以为2000小时寿命的铝电解电容就比1000小时的好,要注意确认寿命的测试温度。每个厂商都有温度和寿命的计算公式,在设计电容时要参照实际数据进行计算。需要了解的是要提高铝电解电容的寿命,第一要降低工作温度,在PCB上远离热源,第二考虑使用最高工作温度高的电容,当然价格也会高一些。
电解电容在电路中实际要承受的电压不能超过它的耐压值。在滤波电路中,电容的耐压值不要小于交流有效值的1.42倍。使用电解电容的时候,还要注意正负极不要接反。不同电路应该选用不同种类的电容。揩振回路可以选用云母、高频陶瓷电容,隔直流可以选用纸介、涤纶、云母、电解、陶瓷等电容,滤波可以选用电解电容,旁路可以选用涤纶、纸介、陶瓷、电解等电容。电容在装入电路前要检查它有没有短路、断路和漏电等现象,并且核对它的电容值。安装的时候,要使电容的类别、容量、耐压等符号容易看到,以便核实。
寿命估算(life expectancy):电解电容在最高工作温度下,可持续动作的时间。
lx=lo*2(to-ta)/10
lx=实际工作寿命
lo=保证寿命
to=最高工作温度(85℃105℃)
ta=电容器实际工作周围温度
example:规范值105℃/1000hrs
65℃寿命推估:lx=1000*2(105-65)/10
实际工作寿命:16000hrs
高温负荷寿命(load life)将电解电容器在最高工作温度下,印加额定工作电压,经一持续规定完成时间后,须符合下列变化:δcap:试验前之值的20%以内。

回答2:

铝电解电容的容量随着使用时间的增加而缓慢减小,直到电解液干枯,形成开路,MTBF(平均故障间隔时间)曲线不能客观的反映铝电解电容器的失效特点,因此,一般情况下不用MTBF来考核电解电容器的可靠性,而用保证寿命时间(GLT)估计电解电容器的寿命。例如GLT是1000h的电容器,就是说对该电容器在上限类别温度下以额定电压对它进行连续1000h的高温耐久性试验后,其容量变化不应超过初始容量的±20%、漏电流不超过初始值的2倍、tanδ符合规定值。
电解电容器的寿命受工作温度和纹波电流的影响,低于额定条件下使用,寿命可延长,反之则缩短。

回答3:

讲解铝电解电容的寿命估算方法

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