推荐回答(5个)
柿子保鲜时间变长的方法有:
放置在通风阴凉处:如果买来的柿子比较少量,估计1-2天内会吃掉,那么只要把柿子放到通风、不受日照的阴凉处就行。如果买的柿子比较多,也可以考虑把1-2天的用量放在常温下,让自然清新的柿果香为家里添上几分迷人的味道。质硬的柿子可在自然通风阴凉处状态下保存2~5个月,变软后即可食用。
冷藏:一般来说,适合柿子的保存温度介于7~13摄氏度之间。家常短时间冷藏柿子的,可入冰箱冷藏。柿子可先不清洗,只以塑料袋或纸袋装好,防止果实水分蒸散。我们也可以在塑料袋上扎几个小孔,以保持透气,避免水气积聚,造成柿子腐坏。生产中的冻藏方法分自然冻藏和机械冻藏两种。自然冻藏(在寒冷北方,常将柿果置于0℃以下的地方,使其冻藏。当柿果冻后堆架于室外,可贮至春暖化冻时节)。机械冻藏,即将柿果放置-20℃冷库中24小时~48小时,待柿子完全冻硬后放进-10℃冷库中贮藏。贮存期3-4个月,直到春暖时解冻销售。
堆藏:选择阴凉干燥,通风良好的屋子,燃烧硫磺进行消毒后,地上铺15-20厘米厚的禾草,将选好的柿子轻轻堆放在草上,厚4-5层。在北方地区可贮至春节前后。也可将柿子装筐堆放。温湿度的控制上,室内如没有制冷设备,室外温度高于0℃时,应采取早晚通风,白天密封门窗,注意防热。相对湿度低于90%时,应适当加湿。不过,这种方法贮藏期较短。
液体贮藏:将成熟较晚或皮较厚、水分少耐贮藏的品种,适期晚采,放入配制好的盐矾溶液中(贮藏液配制方法:开水中加入2%的食盐和0.5%明矾。即50公斤水加1公斤盐和250克明矾,充分溶化后冷却备用),同时用竹条、柿叶等压于液面,使柿果完全浸于液中。贮藏过程中液面下降后,要及时添加。此法可贮藏至春节前后,柿果仍保持脆硬质地。这种方法技术要求严,并随品种、成熟度的不同,盐、矾的比例也有所不同,可根据当地情况灵活掌握。由于明矾能保持果实硬度,食盐有防腐作用。因而贮藏到次年5月份左右,仍然保持质脆,但果实略带咸味。
露天架藏:选择地势较高,阴凉的地方,搭高1-1.2米架,宽和长据贮量而定,架上铺竹或玉米秆,上铺10-15厘米厚的稻草,将选择好的柿子放在架上,厚约30厘米。当温度低于0℃时,需覆盖稻草保温。架顶部设屋脊形防雨篷。此法,可存到翌年4月初,柿子的色泽和品质尚好。
冷藏和气调贮藏:生产中一般很少采用机械冷藏库贮藏柿果(硬果)。因为,硬柿贮藏时间较短(一般1个~2个月),而且,我国消费者多喜食软柿。针对香港、东南亚等地区喜食硬柿,各地外贸系统对出口鲜柿进行了诸多研究。冷藏和气调贮藏是延长销售期,减缓柿果软化的有效方法。柿子冷藏管理可参照苹果等,最好采用聚乙烯薄膜(0.06毫米~0.08毫米厚)或硅窗气调保鲜袋(硅窗面积0.5平方厘米~0.8平方厘米/500克)。由于柿果对二氧化碳和低氧有较高的忍受性,而二氧化碳又具有保脆和抑制呼吸、延缓衰老的作用,因此,可采用高二氧化碳(15%~20%)贮藏。另外,柿果对乙烯极敏感,极低浓度的乙烯就能促使果实软化。因此,在袋内放入一定量的乙烯吸收剂(参照香蕉贮藏方法)会获得更好的效果。涩柿在-1℃~0℃的二氧化碳(或1%低氧)条件下,贮藏2个~3个月能完全脱涩,且保持脆硬质地。
自然降氧法:将果实密封在聚乙烯塑料袋(帐)里,通过果实本身的呼吸作用来调节袋内的气体成分。然后每天或定期测定袋中的气体成分。当氧含量低于3%,二氧化碳含量高于80%时,分别向袋内补充空气或者用消石灰吸收(每100千克果实放0.5-1千克消石灰,消石灰失效时可更换)。在0℃下,甜柿品种能够贮藏3个月左右,涩柿贮藏可达4个月左右。
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