范仲淹《苏幕遮》及300字赏析

2025-02-16 05:48:18
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  碧云天,黄叶地。秋色连波,波上寒烟翠。
  山映斜阳天接水。芳草无情,更在斜阳外。
  黯乡魂,追旅思。夜夜除非,好梦留人睡。
  明月楼高休独倚。酒入愁肠,化作相思泪。
   ——范仲淹《苏幕遮·怀旧》

  这首《苏幕遮》,《全宋词》题为“怀旧”,可以窥见词的命意。

  这首词的主要特点在于能以沉郁雄健之笔力抒写低回宛转的愁思,声情并茂,意境宏深,与一般婉约派的词风确乎有所不同。清人谭献誉之为“大笔振迅”之作(《谭评词辨》),实属确有见地的公允评价。王实甫《西厢记》《长亭送别》一折,直接使用这首词的起首两句,衍为曲子,竟成千古绝唱。

  上片描写秋景:湛湛蓝天,嵌缀朵朵湛青的碧云;茫茫大地,铺满片片枯萎的黄叶。无边的秋色绵延伸展,融汇进流动不已的江水;浩渺波光的江面,笼罩着寒意凄清的烟雾,一片空濛,一派青翠。山峰,映照着落日的余辉;天宇,连接着大江的流水。无情的芳草啊,无边无际,绵延伸展,直到那连落日余辉都照射不到的遥遥无际的远方。

  这幅巨景,物象典型,境界宏大,空灵气象,画笔难描,因而不同凡响。更妙在内蕴个性,中藏巧用。“景无情不发,情无景不生”(范晞文《对床夜语》)。眼前的秋景触发心中的忧思,于是“物皆动我之情怀”;同时,心中的忧思情化眼前的秋景,于是,“物皆著我之色彩”。如此内外交感,始能物我相谐。秋景之凄清衰飒,与忧思的寥落悲怆完全合拍;秋景之寥廓苍茫,则与忧思的怅惆无际若合符节;而秋景之绵延不绝,又与忧思之悠悠无穷息息相通。所以“丹诚入秀句,万物无遁情”(宋邵雍《诗画吟》)。这里,明明从天、地、江、山层层铺写,暗暗为思乡怀旧步步垫底,直到把“芳草无情”推向极顶高峰,形成情感聚焦之点。芳草怀远,兴寄离愁,本已司空见惯,但本词凭词人内在的“丹诚”,借“无情”衬出有情,“化景物为情思”,因而“别有一番滋味”。

  下片直抒离愁:望家乡,渺不可见;怀故旧,黯然神伤;羁旅愁思,追逐而来,离乡愈久,乡思愈深。除非每天晚上,作看回乡好梦,才可以得到安慰,睡得安稳。但这却不可能,愁思难解,企盼更切,从夕阳西下一直望到明月当空,望来望去,依然形单影只,莫要再倚楼眺望。忧从中来,更增惆怅,“何以解忧,唯有杜康”。然而“举杯消愁愁更愁”,愁情之浓岂是杜康所能排解。“酒入愁肠,化作相思泪”,意新语工,设想奇特,比“愁更愁”更为形象生动。

  如此抒情,妙在跳掷腾挪,跌宕多变。望而思,思而梦,梦无寐,寐而倚,倚而独,独而愁,愁而酒,酒而泪。一步一个转折,一转一次深化;虽然多方自慰,终于无法排解。愁思之浓,跃然纸上。其连绵不绝、充盈天地之状,与景物描写融洽无间,构成深邃沉挚、完美融彻的艺术境界。

资料来自古诗文网

回答2:

范仲淹《苏幕遮·怀旧》翻译及赏析
http://www.llysc.cn/content/article-323137.html

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