原电池原理的发现是储能和供能技术的巨大进步,是化学对人类的一项重大贡献.(1)现有如下两个反应:A.

2025-04-05 14:26:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)A.NaOH+HCl═NaCl+H2O不是氧化还原反应,不能设计成原电池;B.Zn+H2SO4═ZnSO4+H2↑是氧化还原反应,能设计成原电池,故答案为:不能;能;
(2)①甲装置是原电池,发生电化学腐蚀,乙装置发生化学腐蚀.
A、甲是化学能转变为电能的装置,乙不是,故A错误.
B、乙装置中铜片不反应,也没构成原电池的正极,所以铜片上没有明显变化,故B正确.
C、甲、乙中锌片质量都减少,故C错误.
D、两个烧杯中都产生氢气,氢离子浓度都降低,所以溶液的pH均增大,故D正确.
故选BD;
②原电池原理引起的腐蚀速度大于化学腐蚀的速度,故答案为:>.
③构成原电池的负极是锌失电子发生氧化反应,电极反应式为:Zn-2e-=Zn2+,故答案为:Zn-2e-=Zn2+
④释后氢离子的物质的量为1L×0.1mol?L-1=0.1mol,生成氢气的氢离子的物质的量为

1.12L
22.4L/mol
,所以原溶液中氢离子的物质的量为0.2mol,原溶液中氢离子的浓度为
0.2mol
0.1L
=2mol/L,一个硫酸分子中含两个氢离子,所以原溶液中稀硫酸的浓度为1 mol?L-1,故答案为:1 mol?L-1
(3)氢氧燃料电池中,燃料氢气需通在负极,即b极,正极是氧气得电子,电子从负极b流向正极a,故答案为:b;b.

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