氮化铝(AlN)是一种新型的无机非金属材料,工业上由氧化铝与焦炭在氮气流中高温制得.请回答下列有关问

2025-03-17 01:24:49
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)氮化铝(AlN)制备:Al2O3+N2+3C
 高温 
 
2AlN+3CO,反应中氮元素化合价从0价变化为-3价,做氧化剂被还原为AlN,碳元素化合价从0价变化为+2价,做还原剂被氧化为一氧化碳,所以氧化产物与还原产物的物质的量之比为3:2;
故答案为:3:2;
(2)若各装置连接的顺序为:A→C→F→C→D→E,称量D的质量,按顺序组装仪器,检查装置的气密性,将试样放入锥形瓶中,装置中的空气需要赶净,把样品溶于稀硫酸完全反应,利用氮气把生成的甲烷全部赶到F装置反应,CH4与CuO发生反应:CH4+4CuO
  △  
 
CO2+2H2O+4Cu,减少测定误差,所以需要补充的步骤为:②缓缓鼓入一定量的N2;③点燃F酒精灯;④从分液漏斗缓缓滴入稀硫酸,直到不再产生气体时为止;⑤再次缓缓鼓入一定量的N2,再次称量D的质量,重复步骤⑤和⑥的操作,直到D的质量基本不变;
AlN能够水解生成氢氧化铝和氨气,氨气是碱性气体,用碱石灰吸收水蒸气后再用浓硫酸吸收氨气,称重计算,所以装置连接为B-D-C;若试样为mg,测得C增重ng为氨气的质量,样品中AlN的质量分数=
ng
17g/mol
×41g/mol
mg
×100%=
41n
17m
×100%;
故答案为:缓缓鼓入一定量的N2;点燃F酒精灯;从分液漏斗缓缓滴入稀硫酸,直到不再产生气体时为止;再次缓缓鼓入一定量的N2;B;D;C;
41n
17m
×100%.

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