推荐回答（1个）
��早期居住在英国本土上的人,一生下来就只取一个名,如:John(约翰).Hilda(希尔达).当时,人们群居共处,就地扎寨,因人稀寨小,取名John,Hilda的人屈指可数,人们不易混淆.随着岁月的流逝,小村寨扩展成了大村庄,有些大村庄变成了市镇.这样,在同一地方就有好几个人取名相同.那么人们是怎样区别这些同名的人呢
��第一个办法就是在原来的名词后面加上本人的职业名称.譬如两个人都叫John,一个的职业是织布工(the weaver),另一个的职业是厨师(the cook).人们就分别叫他们John the Weaver(织布工约翰),John the Cook(厨师约翰).类似的例子还有:John the Miller(磨坊工约翰),John the Shepherd(羊倌约翰),John the Thatcher(盖屋匠约翰).不久这些叫法就成了:John Weaver(约翰·威弗尔),John Cook(约翰·库克),John Miller(约翰·米勒),John Shepherd(约翰·谢泼德),John Thatcher(约翰·撒切尔).这样英语中的第二个名字即英国人现在用的姓便产生了,而且很快用在小孩的身上.如:约翰·威弗尔的孩子可能叫做:Hilda Weaver(希尔达·威弗尔),Charles Weaver(查尔斯·威弗尔)等.
��古英语中有个名字叫Wright,原意是"工人,制造者".制造两轮马车的人叫cartwright,造车轮子的叫wheelwright,造船的叫shipwright.英国人至今还使用许多类似Wright(赖特),Cartwright(卡特赖特)和Wainwright(韦恩赖特)的姓.
��更为常见的姓是Smith(史密斯).英语中的"smith"一字原意是用金属材料制造东西的人, 如:goldsmith(金匠),blacksmith(铁匠),tinsmith(锡匠),coppersmith(铜匠).历史上 有很长一段时期smith一直是个重要的职业.现在虽很少提到它,但在英国人的姓氏中却仍被使用.
��第二个办法是在原名字后加上住处名称.这样,同一村庄里名叫Tom(汤姆)的人,可根据他们住处区别开来,如:居住在山崖下的汤姆,家挨林边居住的汤姆和家舍座落在田野里的汤姆,从而出现了一系列以处所命名的姓:
英文姓氏
英文字意
汉译
Wood
树林
伍德
Field
田地
弗尔德
Ford
小津
福特
Street
街道
斯特里特
Cliff
悬崖
克利夫
Tree
树
特里
Lane
小巷
莱恩
Bush
灌木丛
布什
Brook
小溪
布鲁克
Pond
池塘
庞德
Lake
湖
莱克
Forest
森林
福雷斯特
��有些姓是通过区别同名人的外表得来的:
英文姓氏
英文字意
汉译
Short
矮的
肖特
Brown
棕色的
布朗
Long
长的
朗
Longfellow
瘦长的小伙子
朗弗罗
��第三个办法是用"某某人之子"的说法.用此种方法可以把三个同叫亨利的人称为:
��Henry son of John.(亨利·约翰之子)
��Henry son of Robin.(亨利·罗宾之子)
��Henry son of William.(亨利·威廉之子)
��最后这些名字就演变成了Johnson(约翰逊),Robinson(罗宾逊),Williamson(威廉逊).
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