谁有常见弱酸的电离平衡常数表或电离度表啊?

2025-03-16 23:29:03
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

都是可逆的 ,不太全
CH3COOH= CH3COO- + H+ 1.76×10-5
H2CO3=H+ +HCO3- ; HCO3-=H+ +CO32- K1=4.31×lO-7 K1=5.61×10-11

H2S = H+ +HS- ; HS- = H+ +S2- K1=9.1×10-8 K2=1.1×1O-12
H3PO4 = H+ 十H2PO4- ; H2PO4- = H+ +HPO42- HPO42- =H+ +PO43- Kl =7.52×10-3 k2=6.23×10-8 K3=2.20×10一13
H2SO3=H2SO3 H++HSO 1.3×10-2
HSO = H++SO k= 5.6×10-8
HF =H++F- k=6.7×10-4
HCN=H+ + CN- k=4.93*10-10

其实比较这些酸的酸性强弱不用电离常数,根据算根离子或其中心原子的非金属性就可比较。如碳酸大于硅酸,氢硫酸大于氢硒酸大于氢碲酸,次氯酸大于次溴酸大于次碘酸等

回答2:

http://www.52aosai.net/Article/chemistry/InorChem/200602/968.html

回答3:

(1)相同条件下,酸的电离平衡常数越大,其酸性越强,根据电离平衡常数知,酸性最强的是hno2;
a.升高温度促进醋酸电离,但电离平衡常数增大,故错误;
b.加水稀释促进醋酸电离,但平衡常数不变,故正确;
c.加少量的ch3coona固体,醋酸根离子浓度增大,抑制醋酸电离,醋酸电离程度减小,故错误;
d.加少量冰醋酸,醋酸浓度增大,醋酸电离程度减小,故错误;
故答案为:hno2;b;
(2)醋酸和一水合氨电离程度相等,则醋酸根离子和铵根离子水解程度相等,所以醋酸铵溶液呈中性,则c(oh-)=c(h+),根据电荷守恒得
c(oh-)+c(ch3coo-)=c(h+)+c((nh4+),所以得c(ch3coo-)=c(nh4+),弱离子水解程度较小,所以离子浓度大小顺序是c(ch3coo-)=c(nh4+)>c(oh-)=c(h+),
故答案为:c(ch3coo-)=c(nh4+)>c(oh-)=c(h+);
(3)物质的量l:l的nacn和hcn的混合溶液,其ph>7,说明cn-的水解程度大于hcn的电离程度,溶液呈碱性,则c(oh-)>c(h+),钠离子不水解,再结合电荷守恒、物料守恒得离子浓度大小顺序是c(na+)>c(cn-)>c(oh-)>c(h+),故答案为:c(na+)>c(cn-)>c(oh-)>c(h+).

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