武汉被称为“江城”和李白有什么关系?

2025-03-27 16:51:53
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

中国许多城市,都有自己的别称。比如广州被叫作“羊城”,上海被叫作“申城”,昆明被叫作“春城”,成都被叫作“蓉城”,深圳被叫作“鹏城”,哈尔滨被叫作“冰城”……而武汉的别称,是“江城”。

武汉为什么被称为“江城”?这与唐朝大诗人李白有关。



李白,字太白,号青莲居士,生于701年,是剑南道绵州昌隆青莲乡(今四川省江油市青莲镇)人。李白与武汉有什么关系呢?

726年冬天,26岁的李白来到了安陆(今湖北省安陆县),认识了著名的山水田园派诗人孟浩然,与他成为好朋友。在孟浩然的介绍下,李白与唐朝前宰相许圉师的孙女许氏结婚,并定居于安陆,“许相公家见招,妻以孙女”(《上安州裴长史书》)。此后,许氏为李白生育了一子一女,李白也在安陆断断续续居住了十几年。



安陆是楚文化的发祥地之一,因而李白会在诗歌里声称“我本楚狂人”。安陆与武汉相去不远,只有几十公里。李白居住在安陆时,经常去武汉与文朋诗友相约,流连往返于黄鹤楼等地。

位于长江之滨的黄鹤楼,是一座千年名楼,与江西南昌的滕王阁、湖南岳阳的岳阳楼并称为江南三大名楼之一,是许多诗人骚客吟诗作画的场所。在李白来到黄鹤楼之前,另一名诗人崔颢已经写下“日暮乡关何处是?烟波江上使人愁”的千古名句。李白不服气,也了一首关于黄鹤楼的诗篇,那就是送别孟浩然时写下的《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》,里面的“孤帆远影碧空尽,唯见长江天际流”一句,也是流传至今,脍炙人口。



除了黄鹤楼,李白还在武汉的其它地方游历、交友,留下了《江夏行》《江上寄巴东故人》《江夏送张丞》《江夏别宋之悌》《江夏送友人》《送二季之江东》《赠张公洲革处士》等诸多诗篇。李白诗篇里的江夏,即今天位于武汉市南部的江夏区。

当然,李白不想一辈子呆在湖北安陆,以“老婆孩子热炕头”过完一生,他有着自己的抱负。于是,730年夏天,30岁的李白离开安陆,前往长安。其后,李白辗转于长安、洛阳等地,两次给唐玄宗献赋,结交达官贵人,希望能够在朝廷里谋得一官半职。742年,在贺知章和唐玄宗御妹玉真公主的推荐下,唐玄宗将李白召进宫,让他供职于翰林,陪自己写诗娱乐。



那时候,是李白一生最风光的时候。可是,755年,“安史之乱”爆发,李白不得不和妻子一起四处逃难。757年,李白迫于时势,投靠在永王李璘幕府。李璘广积钱粮,手握雄兵,不免对皇权有非分之想。李璘兵败后,李白受到牵连,被流放到夜郎(西南地区)。期间,他经过江夏时,老朋友史郎中与他相会,并陪同他游览黄鹤楼。

故地重游,李白心里却没有喜悦之情,分外沉重。当他听到黄鹤楼里传出的悠悠笛声时,写下诗歌《与史郎中钦听黄鹤楼上吹笛》:“一为迁客去长沙,西望长安不见家。黄鹤楼中吹玉笛,江城五月落梅。”



在这里,李白用“江城”指代武汉,是武汉被叫作“江城”的最初由来。随着这首诗的广泛流传,人们逐渐习惯于将武汉称为“江城”。

幸运的是,当李白到达白帝城(今重庆奉节)时,朝廷因关中发生旱灾,大赦天下。李白的处罚也被赦免了。李白惊喜交加,随即乘舟东下江陵,并写下那首《早发白帝城》:“朝辞白帝彩云间,千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山。”

当然,武汉能够被称为“江城”,自然少不了大大小小的江河湖泊。中国第一长的长江,浩浩荡荡地流经武汉。长江最大支流汉江,也在流经陕西、湖北两省后,在武汉市汉口龙王庙汇入长江。此外,武汉还拥有众多的湖泊,共有166个,被称为“百湖之市”。武汉最大的城中湖汤逊湖,面积达47.6平方公里,约是杭州西湖的8倍(西湖的湖面面积为6.38平方)。

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