书法中的“中宫收紧”是什么意思?

2025-02-13 07:23:08
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

中国汉字是方块字,在一个正方形内,等距离横坚各画两条线,所形成的图案叫九宫格,中间那一格叫中宫。写字时所有的笔画均须有序地凝聚在字的中心即九宫格的中宫,这在书法艺术中称为“中宫收紧”。

一、书法中的笔法:

笔法,顾锐思义,就是讲用笔的方法,包括执笔法、运笔法等。

掌握执笔是进入书写阶段的第一步,提笔写字即要对执笔法有一定的把握,对于执笔法这里不再赘述。

书法最重要的是讲究运笔之法,我们称之为用笔法。有人将用笔法分解为起笔法、行笔法、收笔法等,较繁琐。章祖安先生将用笔要领归结为两个字:用锋。所谓能用笔,就是能“用锋”,体力转化为笔力,即转化为用锋之力。

二、那么如何用锋呢?

一、要学会中锋用笔。也就是笔锋始终在线条中间运行,这样写出的线条既圆润又厚实,即前人所讲如屋漏痕、锥画沙的效果。中锋用笔首先执笔要稳,行笔要静(这里的静,不是静止,是指行笔要神情专注,凝神静气)。出现偏锋及时调整,不然即使是中锋,写出的线条也容易扁薄。所以,中锋用笔在笔法中占重要位置。等到中锋用笔熟练了,也可用侧锋、逆锋等书写,以求线条有所变化。

二、要学会提按用笔。提按之法能表现出书写者对毛笔的控制能力,掌握了提按技巧,可以说对用笔法就有了一定的把握。提,指用笔能提得起来,既要有往下压笔的力量,更要有往上提的力量,提也要力到笔锋,不可如强驽之末。按,最能体现用笔的力度,但控制不好,一味下按,往往使线条粗钝,形成墨猪。有人下笔就用笔肚,按笔有余,提笔不足,书写起来僵、结、板,这是对提按笔法缺少体会与实践的结果。关于提按用笔及产生的笔力效果,我们在以后的问答中再讲。

三、要学会调锋。笔锋在书写过程中会再现各种各样的变化,如果不及时调锋,便会出现偏锋、绞锋、散锋等现象,这样既影响线条的质量又给运笔带来很多困难。所以在行笔的过程中,我们要时刻进行笔锋的调整,使之达到中锋用笔。怎样进行调锋呢?一方面,我们要注意笔锋的不同变化,灵活把注意笔锋的提按使转;另一方面,要仔细体会笔锋在行进中所产生的力量感,以表现线条质量为目的进行笔锋调整。要表现迟涩、徐疾、燥润等不同的感觉,就要求我们对笔锋的使转进行不同的把握与调整。

有人写字不知用偏锋,往往写一笔或一字便在砚边调整一下,不知一擒一纵快速反应而调锋。周星莲在《临池管见》中说:“作字须提得笔起,稍知书者皆知之,然往往手欲提,而转折顿挫辄自偃者,无擒纵故也。'擒纵’二字,是书家要诀。有擒纵方有节制,有生杀,用笔乃醒,醒则骨节能灵,自无僵卧纸上之病。”这段话对我们用锋很有作用,我们要在书写过程中反复体验、思索。

学书的过程,就是对笔法把握、熟练的过程,只有把这一关过了,才能过到运笔如指、游刃有余的境界。笔法的把握,需要一个漫长的过程,不可操之过急,欲速则不达。我们只要认真学习前人和当代书家好的用笔经验,加上刻苦练习,一定能够掌握笔法技巧。

三、享受快乐书法:

书法作为传统文化的重要载体,几千年来一直被关注着。书法艺术传承到今天,已经不再是以实用为主了,它作为美育教育的一个方面,也承载着对少年儿童进行素质教育与审美传播的使命。因此,有人说书法课重在审美教育,不一定要把学生培养成书法家。要拒绝审美疲劳,保持对法帖的新鲜感。他常常在我们没兴趣时给我们换换口味写一写别的字帖。篆书、隶书、行书我们都尝试了一下。他还让我们比赛写某一个字,看谁能把这个字的各种变化写得最多,写得最有味道。

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