推荐回答(2个)
鲁迅先生为了纪念“左联”五烈士,于一九三三年写下了《为了忘却的纪念》,这篇著名散文。仔细阅读,我们可以发现,文章并没有全面的写五位烈士的事迹,而是着重写了两位,其余的三位只简约的点到而已。作者回忆自己与白莽(殷夫)、柔石在文学事业与生活上的多次交往和感触,特别记叙了他们被捕后的狱中生活以及遇害的情景,既深情地颂扬了革命青年的革命精神与人品,有有力地控诉了***反动派屠杀人民的罪行。同时还抒发了作者怀念烈士、憎爱分明、坚信革命一定胜利的思想感情。这深深的感染着我们。
此外,散文给我们另一深切的感受是严谨、有序的组织结构,笔法特别洒脱自如,既很好地运用记叙、议论、抒情相结合的方法,尤其是恰当的采用了委婉曲折的表情达意方法,鲜明而深沉地抒写了作者丰富的感情内涵。
作者当时身处白色恐怖之中,面临“未敢翻身已碰头”的险境,为了让文章得以发表,不得不采用委婉曲折的笔法,来表达复杂深处的思想感情。但它含蓄而不晦涩,委婉而富有情致。鲁迅先生在运用曲笔时,也是不拘一格,异彩纷呈。
一、 矛盾冲突,悲愤交织。
请看文章的题目及第一段文字,作者在“纪念”与“忘却”的心理矛盾冲突中,一方面表达对几个青年作家的遇害,心情极为沉痛,悲愤之情始终不已,所以两年之后仍写文章悼念他们;另一方面又表达了我们不能只陷入悲痛之中,要将悲痛化为力量,完成先烈未竟的事业,这是对烈士最好的纪念。要忘却的是什么?一味的悲痛,要纪念的是什么?烈士的精神。其实,我们可以感触到,两种感情犹如两股烈焰,同时迸发。如此之曲笔,显得深沉有力。
二、 旁征博引,借古讽今。
作者善于引用古人、古事,或作比喻或隐射今人今事和今时。请看文章在叙写柔石的“硬”和“迂”的性格时,自然的联想到他的同乡明儒,正直而刚烈的方孝儒,耐人思索;写到柔石被捕、作者逃跑时,引出《说岳全传》中高僧坐化的故事,既揭露***反动派滥杀无辜的罪行,也表达了作者反对“坐以待毙”,主张保存实力、坚持战斗的精神,这使文章波澜起伏,富有情趣;写到作者文章“无写处”时,又提到魏晋时文人向子期和他的文章〈〈思旧赋〉〉。其用意是在于揭露蒋介石统治的黑暗凶残,同时也表达了作者在“禁锢得比罐头还密”的情况下仍要悼念烈士的心曲。旁征博引,曲妙有致,借古讽今,含蓄深沉。
三、 借题发挥,弦外有音。
文章在写到与白莽的交往中,作者赠送给他的两本彼得斐的诗文、不幸被巡捕没收了一事,文章据此就叙说,这两本书如何来之不易。不仅表达作者对白莽真挚的友谊,并借此倾诉对巡捕之流的厌恶之情。借题发挥,弦外有音,耐人寻味。
总之,作者运用了委婉曲折的笔触,表达作者丰富多彩的情愫,是这篇文章重要的特色之一。当然,文章的的语言的含蓄,也同样色彩鲜明,耐人咀嚼。
正如先生在〈〈南腔北调集、题记〉〉里所说到,“打杂的笔墨,是也得给各个编辑者设身处地的想一想,于是文章也就不能划一不二,可说之处说一点,不能说之处便罢休。”这也许就是——鲁迅在这篇文章里使用曲折的笔墨和含蓄的语言的缘由吧。
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