制造成本如何进入营业成本?

2025-03-10 04:17:35
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

企业的生产成本包括直接材料、直接人工和制造费用。生产成本也称为制造成本,是生产过程中为制造产品而发生的成本。题主的制造成本应该是制造费用。
题主的问题,涉及了成本费用的归集和分配,产成品入库和产品销售、结转产品销售成本的三个过程。
一、成本费用的归集和分配。
从财务会计的角度看,产品成本计算就是成本归集和成本分配的过程。成本归集就是将产品生产加工过程中所发生的各种费用,按产品、作业项目和各个车间等对象,而进行的分类、汇总,计算出各个对象的成本总额。
归集和分配费用时,凡是属于直接费用则直接计入成本核算对象,如A产品消耗的原材料直接计入A产品的产品成本;间接费用则需要选择合理的标准分配计入相关的成本核算对象,如甲车间同时生产AB两种产品,其该车间固定资产折旧费用,在需要按照产量或工时在AB两种产品上进行分配等。
生产成本通过“生产成本”账户进行归集,包括生产的各种产品、自制材料、工具、设备等发生的各类费用,在“生产成本”账户下还需要设置“基本生产成本”和“辅助生产成本”两个二级账户,并且还需要按照成本核算对象和规定的成本项目,设置明细项目进行明细核算。

二、产成品入库和期末在产品。
月末企业投入的各项成本费用,逐渐转移到不同的产品成本中去,而对于连续生产的企业,时点日的产品不可能全部是完工产品,还有一部分停留在生产线上的在制品。
月末财务部门根据生产部门和仓储部门提供的完工产品入库单,以及当期成本费用的发生和消耗情况,进行完工产品的核算和在产品的核算。完工产品由“生产成本”结转至“库存商品”,在产品(在制品)发生额结存至“生产成本”账户的借方余额。
三、产品销售并结转产品销售成本(主营业务成本)。
结转产品销售成本金额有两个影响因素,一是产品销售数量,二是销售成本的计价方法,也就是将库存商品结转至销售成本的金额,为当期的产品销售数量乘以单位产品的库存成本,成本的计价方法,一般为加权平均成本、先进先出法、后进先出法。企业可以根据需要确定计价方法,但一经确定轻易不得改变。

总之,生产成本也称制造成本,是企业为生产制造产品而发生的成本费用,而主营业务成本是根据企业产品销售数量和库存产品计算并结转的成本。

回答2:

根据会计的配比原则,产品销售时需要结转营业成本,生产成本首先结转至库存商品,实现销售时:
借:主营业务成本
贷:库存商品

回答3:

制造成本进入营业成本,通常理解为制造业生产产品,完工入库后并销售出库,结转营业成本(销售成本)的过程,即历经制造成本~产成品~营业成本的过程。
产品完工入库的会计分录:

借:产成品
贷:生产成本(制造成本)
销售出库的会计分录:
借:营业成本(产品销售成本)
贷:产成品
所以,当达成销售后制造成本才转入营业成本,在销售出库前制造成本仍体现于产成品(库存)成本当中。

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