西汉以前的儒学,与董仲舒以后的儒学有什么不同的地方?
推荐回答(5个)
西汉以前的儒学,与董仲舒以后的儒学有很多不同的之处,不同之处就在于,董仲舒以后的儒学,多了一个新的东西,那就是“仁义礼知信”。除此之外,董仲舒因为对其他学派的思想也有学习,就是因为其他学派的影响,董仲舒就扩展了儒家思想的内涵。![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F1e30e924b899a901ebba095412950a7b0308f5c1%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
以前西汉时候的儒学,与董仲舒之后的儒学是有不同之处,多了一些内容,以及一些思想。且在当时的时候,董仲舒因为受到其他学派的影响,他就为了让有家思想更加的丰富,有内涵,那么他就自己改造了儒学。他就是将西汉时期的儒学给改掉了,但不证明他是儒学的背叛者。董仲舒其实也是一个非常聪明的人物,他吸取了很多人的思想,将它们融合在一起,成为了一种新的思想,就将这种思想加入儒家思想里面,我觉得他挺聪明的。![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F3ac79f3df8dcd100f712aa437d8b4710b8122fc1%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
以前我们历史老师也跟我们讲过,董仲舒的一些事件,我也了解过他,他确实非常的厉害,我觉得现在的儒学比以前的儒学更好,因为里面加了一些有关于适合国家政权的东西,并不像以前西汉时期的儒学那么的古板。有关国家政权的,就比如说君权神授,无人敢应,以前我们学历史的时候也学到这个,在那时候我们也知道,就是因为董仲舒,然肯定就没有现在的这样不一样的儒学。![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F5bafa40f4bfbfbedd6ba641d77f0f736aec31ff4%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
所以说,西汉以前的儒学与董仲舒以后的儒学有很多不同的之处,毕竟董仲舒加入了自己的一些意见,以及思想。
董仲舒对于“仁义礼智信”还有许多新的阐述。比如说“仁”,孔子认为“仁者爱人”。董仲舒则认为,
仁者,天心也,所以仁者不仅爱人,也爱花鸟鱼虫。这其实就有道家思想的影响了。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fb7fd5266d016092499540a17db0735fae6cd344c%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
董仲舒对其他学派的思想吸取非常之多,比如《春秋繁露·立元神》等章节,就能看见道家的影子;《考功
名》、《保权位》等节中则有提倡赏罚分明的法家思想(也有人认为是延续荀子的“隆礼重法”);甚至
在《阴阳义》等节中,我们能看到汉初民间十分流行的阴阳家思想的影响。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F71cf3bc79f3df8dcc7b0279dc211728b47102828%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
这些其他学派的思想,都被董仲舒用来扩充了儒家思想的内涵。 但董仲舒大刀阔斧地改造了儒家,并不代表他不是个伟大的学者,更不代表他是儒家的叛徒。 如果我们真的读过先秦诸子的著作,就会发现他们的内容大多是散乱且不成系统的。董仲舒能够汲取他们
的精华与核心思想,放入一个系统的框架中,使先秦诸子零碎的思想能够长成“一棵文明的大树”。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F10dfa9ec8a1363271d626a3f9e8fa0ec08fac72b%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
这难道不是一件很了不起的事吗?
你当然可以批判董仲舒:这么搞,就没有文化多样性,没有“百家争鸣”了。可对汉武帝来说,他并不需要什么争鸣,他甚至连儒家内部的争鸣都不需要。
“大一统”终究是一个历史必然。没有董仲舒来提倡,也会有别人来提倡,这是一个君主专制的时代来临时,必然会提出的政策。
难得的是,董仲舒能在“大一统”的历史趋势中,尽可能多地保留不同学派的文明成果。
因为董仲舒按照汉武帝的要求,在儒学中增加了君权神授的感念。
董仲舒的儒学里面加了适合国家政权的东西。比如说君权神授,天人感应。
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