财务高手请进!作业成本法与作业管理的区别与联系?

2025-02-25 21:57:41
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

最根本的区别就是:多分配标准,划分作业,然后为不同的作业找不同的动因,按多个动因进行分配. 而传统方法的分配标准只有一个. 这就象我们吃饭一样,传统方法是按彼此吃的饭量(直接)来分配菜钱(间接),可是现在的情况变了,菜钱越来越贵了,而饭钱的比重越来越小了,所以就更有必要把菜钱算清楚一点,于是,可能某个菜就按饭钱比例分,某个菜就某人全包,某个菜就一人分一半(无论你吃了多少饭)。

作业成本法是先将成本分到作业,再依据成本标的消耗的作业数分摊到成本标的。

作业成本管理在企业预算中的运用作为一种全新的管理思想,作业成本管理与以往的预算方法存在较大差别:

1.以往的预算编制以成本对业务量的依存关系划分成本性态,编制预算多考虑变动成本。如直接材料预算、直接人工预算、销售预算、生产预算中的成本都是变动成本。作业成本管理则较多地利用作业成本法提供的信息,依产品、作业、资源三者的关系把成本分为变动成本、作业成本、固定成本。预算中既要考虑变动成本,又要反映作业成本。两者考虑的成本内容不一样,编制的预算也就呈现出明显差别。如在具体的步骤中,97112型变压器应否纳入销售预算,两种方法是完全不同的。

2.作业成本管理思想对责任会计体系也产生了影响。作为一种企业全程管理观,它以倒推的方式确定各部门的作业水平,并进行整合,从企业的高度消除了无效或不必要的作业,超越了部门的界限,有效避免了企业决策的欠优化。如剔除了泵漏喷砂作业和冲孔作业中不能增加顾客价值的部分。作业成本管理利用作业成本法提供的成本信息,确定出更准确、更可靠的目标,使预算建立在科学合理的基础上,有利于对各部门成本进行合理的控制和评价。

具体运用时需注意的事项

1.划分成本库必须考虑成本效益原则。成本库划分过细,固然可以提高成本信息的精确性,但工作量大,头绪复杂,难以实行;划分过粗,又难以起到作业管理的作用。

2.作业成本管理还要求企业全体员工积极参与。没有员工的广泛参与,甚至难以识别和确认各项主要作业。技术人员是作业成本管理的主要推动者之一,特别要听取各级技术人员的意见,分析改进作业的可能性和可行性。

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