文章的文体是什么意思?

2025-02-25 05:58:22
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

文体不仅仅是文学体裁、语言、风格和结构,更是时代、作家、文学体裁、语言风格的综合体。具体来说,文体可以细分为四个层次。

第一层次:文类文体,也即各种文学体裁的文体。此一层次的文体的功效,在于明确各种文学门类的外在形式和内在肌理的不同,如小说、诗歌、散文和戏剧的区别,等等,这是文体的最为外显的层次,也是文学文体的具体化形态。

第二层次:作为语言现象的文体,也可称为文学作品的语体文体。它包括作家对语符的选择和编码方式,还包括一个作家特有的表述方式、用词的习惯以及语气、调子和标点符号的使用等。语体文体是文体最基本的要素,它属于个体的文体,具有浮雕性、可感性和不可重复性。因此,语体文体是识别一个作家风格的最可靠标志。

第三层次:主体文体。它是特定的作家艺术地把握生活的方式,也是一个作家作为创作主体的艺术思维的总和。别林斯基曾指出:“文体——这是才能本身,思想本身。文体是思想的浮雕性、可感性,在文体里表现着整个的人。”(注:别林斯基:《别林斯基论文学》,上海译文出版社1979年版,第234页。)这里,别林斯基是从个性、人格和精神,即从“整个的人”来分析文体的。由于主体文体不仅最鲜明地体现了作家的主体意识,而且包含了作家潜在的美学的、情感的、个性的审美心理结构,因此,主体文体可视为是一种“深层结构”的文体形式。

第四层次:时代文体或民族文体,这是在语体文体和主体文体的基础上扩展起来的文体。当历史的某一时期,作家们的主体文体意识得以觉醒,并不约而同地采用相近的语体文体进行创作;同时,这些创作又打上了鲜明的民族文化的烙印,这时,带有民族特色的时代文体也就产生了。这就是所谓的一时代有一时代的文体。如五四时期的“白话文体”就属于“时代的文体”。

由于文体的源远流长和构成的复杂性,我在上面对文体层次的划分只能是相对的;而且,我不敢肯定这四个层次就穷尽了文体的外延和内涵。不过,有了上述的文体层次,我们就可以根据研究的重点,从不同的层次或不同的角度来把握散文。而就本文而言,我的着眼点在于通过对文体的分层把握,进而探讨90年代的散文与以前的散文相比在“语体文体”、“主体文体”和“时代文体”三个层次上有哪些变革。由于“文类文体”在过去已经多有研究,故而此处从略。

回答2:

这是现在博客比较流行的一种随笔,思绪断续,想说什么说什么,现在还不知道算作什么文体,姑且认为是散文日记

回答3:

文体,指文章的风格或结构、体裁。
按文章分类,有记叙文、议论文、说明文、公文。
按文学分类,有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧。

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