在一语的习得中，儿童言语的初始状态为零，其智
商(I Q)情商(EQ)也处于弱干扰状态，因此普遍语法体
系一经激活便畅通无阻的直接作用于儿童的语言系统，
引导儿童在短时间内完成母语的学习。然而，在第二语
言的学习过程中，普遍语法体系(即儿童内在的语言能
力)已经在以母语的参数设定状态运行着，因此由于二
语学习者的非零起点，普遍语法并不完全以参数值设
定——原则体系重启的方式直接介入，而是部分以母语
迁移的形式间接介入中介语。如果说在母语的习得中普
遍语法直接介入语言习得全过程，那么二语习得中普遍
语法则表现为选择性介入，引导中介语向目的语趋势。
1冲介语中普遍语法的间接介入(Indirect Access)
由于学习者是在一语参数设定的基础上习得二语
的，又因为普遍语法的普遍性(即对任何语言的包容
性)，因此在二语习得中部分普遍语法可以通过母语的
迁移在二语中间接得以延伸，当然这种间接通过母语参
数的挥的作用有其正面和负面两种影响。会使二语学习
者的中介语趋向于不同的发展状态。
原则——参数模式中的参数是一个变量，同一个参
数在不同的语言中可能呈现出不同的“值”或“参数设
定”(parameter s etting)。当一语和二语中存在参数
值设定相同的共有原则时，这部分原则便会通过母语正
迁移间接延伸至中介语。当一语和二语中共有原则参数
值设定不同时，这部分原则会被负迁移至中介语，即这
部分原则在中介语初始状态中继续表现为一语的参数
表征。
例如，英语就句法结构来讲属于形合，即其子旬要
通过关联词的连接来表示相互的关系，因此多见复合旬
和复杂旬。而汉语属于意合，是通过动词来表示相互关
系的，因此多见简单句。在以汉语为母语的英语学习者
的中介语中常会出现学习者对简单旬的过度使用，虽然
合乎语法但有失地道。再如，汉语属于代词参数省略语
(pro-drop parameter)，因此在汉语中多见主语省略
旬，在有字数限制的诗句中尤为明显，而英语则相反，属
于非代词参数省略语(non-pro-drop paramet er)，不允
许主语的省略，即使在主语累赘需后置的情况下也应有
形式主语填补空缺。牛津大学教授大卫•霍克斯(Dvi
In the words of the acquisition, the language of children's initial state is zero, the chi
Business (IQ) emotional quotient (EQ) are also in a weak state interference, the universal grammar -
Upon activation system will be free of a direct role in children's language system
To guide children in a short time to learn their mother tongue. However, in the second language
Introduction of the learning process, the system of universal grammar (that is inherent in children's language to
Li) has been in the mother tongue in order to set the parameters of a state run, the result of the Second
Non-beginners language learners, universal grammar is not entirely in order to set parameters
Set - the principle of the system to restart direct intervention, but part of the mother tongue
Migration in the form of indirect involvement of an intermediary language. If the acquisition in the mother tongue in S & P
Syntax directly over the entire process involved in language acquisition, the SLA in general
Grammar is for the performance of selective intervention, inter-language guide to trends in the target language.
1 red-mediated language in the indirect involvement of Universal Grammar (Indirect Access)
As the learners in the phrase set the parameters on the basis of Second Language Acquisition
, And also because of the universality of universal grammar (that is, in any language on tolerance
), In second language acquisition in part through the universal grammar of the mother tongue
Migration in indirect language to be extended, of course, this indirect participation through the mother tongue
Play the role of the number of its positive and negative effects of the two. Second Language Learning will
The Inter-language tend to a different state of development.
Principle - the parameters of the model parameter is a variable, with a reference
In several different languages may be showing a different "value" or "set up parameters
Set "(parameter s etting). When a second language and the language of the existence of parameters
Set a total value of the same principles, which will be part of the adoption of the principle of mother-tongue is
Indirect transfer to an extension of Interlanguage. When a second language and the language of the principle of a total of parameters
At the same time, do not set the value, which will be part of the principle of Inter-language relocated to negative, that this
In some of the principles of inter-language performance of the initial state to continue for the parameters of the phrase
Characterization.
For example, on the syntactic structure of the English-speaking, belong together, that is, its year-to -
Related to connect through words to express the relationship between each other, the compound found ten days
And complexity of the ten days. The Chinese belong to Italy together, through the verb to express inter-related
Department, so often a simple sentence. In the Chinese-speaking English learners
Central Standing Committee of the Inter-language learners appear on year-over-simple to use, although
However, in line with the grammar being authentic. Another example, the parameters of Chinese belong to the pronoun omitted language
(pro-drop parameter), mostly in the Chinese subject omitted
Ten days, there are restrictions on the number of words in the verse is particularly evident, and English, on the contrary, an
On the parameters of non-pronoun omitted language (non-pro-drop paramet er), refused to
Xu omitted the subject, even if the subject in the cumbersome need to post the case should also be
Subject in the form to fill the vacancy. • Oxford University Professor David Hawkes (Dvi
In the words of the acquisition, the language of children's initial state is zero, the chi
Business (IQ) emotional quotient (EQ) are also in a weak state interference, the universal grammar -
Upon activation system will be free of a direct role in children's language system
To guide children in a short time to learn their mother tongue. However, in the second language
Introduction of the learning process, the system of universal grammar (that is inherent in children's language to
Li) has been in the mother tongue in order to set the parameters of a state run, the result of the Second
Non-beginners language learners, universal grammar is not entirely in order to set parameters
Set - the principle of the system to restart direct intervention, but part of the mother tongue
Migration in the form of indirect involvement of an intermediary language. If the acquisition in the mother tongue in S & P
Grammar times directly involved in the whole process of language acquisition, the SLA in general
Grammar is for the performance of selective intervention, inter-language guide to trends in the target language.
1 red-mediated language in the indirect involvement of Universal Grammar (Indirect Access)
As the learners in a language based on the parameters set by the Second Language Acquisition
, And also because of the universality of universal grammar (that is, in any language on tolerance
), In second language acquisition in part through the universal grammar of the mother tongue
Migration in indirect language to be extended, of course, this indirect participation through the mother tongue
Play the role of the number of its positive and negative effects of the two. Learning Second Language will
The Inter-language tend to a different state of development.
Principle - the parameters of the model parameter is a variable, with a reference
In several different languages may be showing a different "value" or "set up parameters
Set "(parameter s etting). When a second language and the language of the existence of parameters
Set a total value of the same principles, which will be part of the adoption of the principle of mother-tongue is
Indirect transfer to an extension of Interlanguage. When a second language and the language of the principle of a total of parameters
At the same time, do not set the value, which will be part of the principle of Inter-language relocated to negative, that this
In some of the principles of inter-language performance of the initial state to continue for the parameters of the phrase
Characterization.
For example, on the syntactic structure of the English-speaking, belong together, that is, its year-to -
Related to connect through words to express the relationship between each other, the compound found ten days
And complexity of the ten days. The Chinese belong to Italy together, through the verb to express inter-related
Department, so often a simple sentence. In the Chinese-speaking English learners
Central Standing Committee of the Inter-language learners appear on year-over-simple to use, although
However, in line with the grammar being authentic. Another example, the parameters of Chinese belong to the pronoun omitted language
(pro-drop parameter), mostly in the Chinese subject omitted
Ten days, there are restrictions on the number of words in the verse is particularly evident, and English, on the contrary, an
On the parameters of non-pronoun omitted language (non-pro-drop paramet er), refused to
Xu omitted the subject, even if the subject in the cumbersome need to post the case should also be
Subject in the form to fill the vacancy. • Oxford University Professor David Hawkes (Dvi d
I-tx ~ kes) will be in Du Fu's "Spring Point," a poem of "a sense of flowers and tears splash, do not hate
Bird shocked "when it was translated into the English translation of" qlae fl over s Shed tear s of
gri ef for the t roubl ed tints / and the bi rds S eem
st artl ed aS if the angm sh of s eparati on. "He
flov ~ rs and bi rds as a subject, and a complete misunderstanding of Du Fu's poetry. Its
Is that the above poem is intended to "think of current events, people have to spend even met with tears;
And separation from their families for a long time, the birds also hear people uneasy, "here
"Met" and "hear" save in front of the subject "I", that is, the poet himself.
When the negative transfer occurs, the learner's own language skills (universal language
Law) Interlanguage an active role in the importation of second language corpus of the start of
Parameters of the principle of not re-valuation.
In the acquisition of one language, the beginning of child's speech starts appearance to zero, its Zhi
Company(I Q) feeling the company(EQ) also is placed in weak interference appearance, therefore widespread phrasing body
Fasten to as soon as activate a then without obstruction direct function at the child's language system,
Guide a child to complete the study of mother tongue in the in a short time.However, at the second language
In the learning process of speech, widespread phrasing system(namely child inside of language ability
Dint)already at with the parameter of the mother tongue enactment the appearance circulate, therefore because of two
Language learner not zero point of departures, the widespread phrasing also incompletely is establish with parameter value
Settle-the principle system heavy Qi of the way directly gets involved, but part with mother tongue
The migratory form indirectly gets involved medium lie language.If say the Pu is in the acquisition of mother tongue
The time phrasing directly gets involved the language acquisition whole processeses, so two language acquisitions in widespread
The phrasing then expresses to get involved for the selectivity and lie language trend toward the purpose language in the leading.
1 blunt lie indirectly get involved of the widespread phrasing in language(Indirect Access)
Because learner is at one language parameter the foundation of the enactment top acquisition two languages
Of, again because of the catholicity of widespread phrasing(namely to any language of forgive
Sex), so central divide widespread phrasing in two language acquisitions can pass mother tongue
Move in two languages to in the center connect can extend, certainly this kind of indirectly passes mother tongue three
Count of flick of the function have it face to face with negative two kinds of influence.Wills make two languages a study
Of medium lie language to incline toward different development appearance.
The parameter in the principle-parameter mode is 1 to change to measure, same three
The number may present a different"value" in the different language or"the parameter establish
Settle".(parameter s etting)When one language with the existence parameter in two languages
When the value sets to same alike and totally have a principle, this part of principles then will pass mother tongue positive
The migration indirectly extends to in lie language.When one language with totally have principle parameter in two languages
While being worth enactment a dissimilarity, this part of principles will be take to move to in lie language, namely this
Parts of principles continue to express for the parameter of one language in in lie the language beginning start the appearance
Token.
For example, English sentence construction structure to speak that belonging to a form match, namely its son Xun want
Pass the conjunction of connection phrase to mean correlation, so much receive a reply to match Xun
With complicated Xun.But the Chinese language belong to an idea to match, is pass verb to mean to close mutually
Fasten of, so see simple sentence more.BE taking Chinese language as the English learner of mother tongue
Of medium lie language in often appear a learner's excesssive usage for simple Xun, although
Conform to phrasing but have already lost tunnel.Again such as, the Chinese language belongs to a phrase parameter to abridge language
(The parameter of the pro-drop), so see main language more abridge in the Chinese language
The Xun is obvious particularly in have the word number the poem of the restriction, but English then is contrary and belong to
Abridge language(the paramet er of the non-pro-drop) at the non- generation phrase parameter, don't grant
Allow abridge of main language, even should also have under the sistuation that the main language nuisance need to be postpose
The form main language fill up empty lack.Oxford does the university teach David?Huo gram Si(Dvi d
I-tx~kes)at Du Fu 《the spring hope 》one poem in of"feeling spend to splash tears, hate don't
The bird shocking Shed tear of the "the English translate the English once translated" qlae fl over s s of
The ed tints/and of the gri ef for the t roubl bi rds S eem
The eparati on of the st artl ed aS if the angm sh of s." he chase
Flov~rs and bi rds be main languages and completely misunderstood Du Fu's poetry.It
Actually, these two poem original intentions BE"remind of current news, connected to see the flower also calls the person shed tears;
Separate with family long, hear the birds' twitter also call public absolute being uneasy", here of
"Saw", "hear" the front province dropped main language "I", namely poet oneself.
When negative move occurrence, the speech of the learner oneself(widespread language
Method)lie language in the positive effect, under the sistuation that two language languages anticipate an importation beginning rightness
The principle that the parameter not agree with carries on certainly being worth afresh.
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