常用的农药喷雾技巧有哪些

2025-02-14 05:46:12
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

(1)喷雾法。将农药制剂加水稀释后通过喷雾器(机)把药液雾化,均匀地喷洒在植物上,是最常用的一种方法。

(2)浇灌法。将药剂加水稀释后,直接向植物根部浇灌。浇灌辛硫磷等,可防治地下害虫;浇灌氧化乐果等,可防治蚜虫。

(3)根施或撒施法。将药剂施入土壤内或根际部,用来防治蛴螬、金针虫、蝼蛄、线虫以及土传病害。先按照需要的用药量与细土(或细沙)充分拌和,制成毒土,然后均匀撒在土地表面,用来防治在植株下面或土面上活动的害虫。为安全起见,高毒农药不能制成毒土撒施。

(4)喷粉法。利用喷粉器将粉剂撒布在病虫植物体表面,粉粒要细小均匀,喷撒要均匀周到。此法适用于缺水地区。

(5)拌种和浸种法。拌种是将粉剂按一定比例与种子混合,装入拌种器内搅拌均匀,种子拌药后堆闷一定时间再播种。浸种是用一定浓度的药液,将种子或种苗浸泡一定时间,捞出晾干后播种;一般浸种时间为5~40分钟,浸苗时间为5~30秒。

(6)毒饵法。利用害虫喜欢吃的麦麸、豆饼、绿肥、鲜草等作饵料,掺入适量的胃毒农药制成毒饵,用以诱杀和毒杀害虫。主要防治地下害虫和地面上活动的软体动物等。

(7)熏蒸法。在密闭的条件下利用易挥发或易分解产生毒气及能够汽化的药剂来防治害虫等有害生物。适用于防治种子害虫、蛀干害虫、温室害虫等。

回答2:

1、高容量喷雾
高容量喷雾又称粗喷雾,大多采用16型背包式手动喷雾器和36型机动喷雾器施药,每亩(667平方米)喷洒药液量超过40升,多为50~75升,农药以水稀释,药液浓度小于1000毫克/千克,雾滴中值直径为400~1000微米,是一种针对性喷雾法。高容量喷雾适宜于水源丰富的农区防治植物基部病虫和用于土壤处理防除杂草,对叶面病虫也有较好的防效,但雾滴容易发生弹跳现象,滚落叶面,农药的流失较多,以致引起土壤和水源污染。
2、中容量喷雾
中容量喷雾,又称常量喷雾,是采用工农16型背包式手动喷雾器和552-丙型肩挂式手动喷雾器施药,喷头的喷片孔径为1.3~1.6毫米,药液以水稀释,浓度在1000毫克/千克以上,每亩(667平方米)喷液量在12.5~50升,雾滴中值直径为250~400微米,也是一种针对性喷雾。中容量喷雾亦用于多水地区,农药的利用率比高容量喷雾高。
3、低容量喷雾
低容量喷雾,又称细喷雾或弥雾。用工农16型和552-丙型喷雾器、喷头装有0.7~1.0毫米喷片孔径的为细喷雾。用东方红18型机动喷雾器利用高速气流把药液喷散成雾的常称为弥雾。低容量喷雾以水稀释,药液浓度在0.8~3%,每亩(667平方米)喷洒药液量2.5~12.5升,雾滴中值直径为 150~250微米,是一种针对性喷雾和飘移性喷雾相结合的喷雾方式,可以避免大雾滴所产生的弹跳滚落现象,且雾滴在植株间的分散性好,能达到防治病虫的有效雾滴覆盖密度标准。并通过植物对农药的内吸传导、渗透以及植物本身的呼吸、蒸腾、生理吐水等功能,使农药起到再分布的作用。低容量喷雾适用于防治农作物叶面病虫害,具有防治效果好、节省农药的优点,但不宜用于化学除草。由于农药使用浓度较高,对高毒农药不能采用这种喷雾方法。

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