胃癌术后在饮食上要注意哪些

2025-02-07 20:07:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

胃癌术后饮食要注意什么?这个问题对于胃癌患者来说显得尤为重要。胃癌的手术切除是目前而言胃癌最有效的治疗方法。但由于术后大部分胃被切掉了,留下的残胃体积变小了,会出现消化、吸收等功能的改变。有些病人在一段时间内可能有进食后上腹部饱胀感,大便量少、次数增多或空腹时胃内烧灼、隐痛等。怎样减轻这些症状,尽快地适应这个变化呢?病人除了保持心情舒畅、加强锻炼、还要注意的是进行饮食调养。当然,还可以配合中药如以人参皂苷Rh2作为主要成分的“今幸”胶囊等具有良好临床口碑的癌症辅助药物进行调理,本文主要从饮食方面进行论述。
胃癌术后短期内饮食为了适应消化道重建的现状,饮食要注意逐渐过渡,从稀到稠,从量少到量多,从低热量到高热量,使糖、蛋白质、脂肪的摄入逐渐与机体需要相适应,因此术后饮食对患者顺利康复非常重要。以下几点仅供参考,患者要据医嘱执行饮食。
1、胃癌术后应禁食,肠蠕动恢复肛门排气,拔除胃管后当天可少量饮水,每次4~5汤匙,2小时一次。
2、如无不适反应,次日可给适量清流质饮食,50ml~80ml/次。
3、第3日给全量流质,每次100~150ml。每日6~7餐,饮食原则为:食物无刺激性,呈液性,少食多餐,每2~3小时进食一次,宜选不宜胀气,不过甜的食物,如鸡蛋汤、米汤、菜汤、藕粉等。餐后宜平卧20~30分钟。
4、胃癌术后饮食恢复正常要注意可以进食低脂半流质饮食,如稀饭,面条、馄饨等,每日5~6餐,饮食原则:呈半流质状,其蛋白质含量达到正常需要量,纤维含量极少,少量多餐。此时可服用人参皂苷Rh2促进伤口愈合,防止感染。
5、患者出院后可进食软饭,主食与配菜宜选营养丰富,易消化食物,忌食生冷、油煎,酸辣等刺激易胀气食物,术后3~6个月后可逐渐据身体情况恢复到普通饮食。此时可继续服用人参皂苷Rh2增强自身免疫功能,改善体质。
6、胃癌术后患者饮食还要注意以自我感觉无不适,饮食内容以低渣、温和、易消化为原则,少食多餐,并避免过甜、过咸、过浓饮食,如进食后出现恶心,腹胀等症状,应暂停进食。此时可服用人参皂苷Rh2促进食欲,改善恶心腹胀等情况。

7、胃切除术后,最常见的并发症是缺铁性贫血,维生素B族缺乏。有15%的患者有骨软化病,由于维生素D的缺乏,很容易使非常稀薄的骨质发生变化。一些植物性食品如黄、红色蔬菜、水果中含β-胡萝卜素,可在肝中转变为维生素A,同时服用人参皂苷Rh2抑制术后并发症,防止癌细胞复发转移。
总之,胃癌术后患者应养成良好的饮食习惯,规律进食时间,定时定量进餐,坚持少食多餐,以每天5~6餐为宜;主食与配菜应选软烂且易于消化的食物,每顿少吃一点,以适应胃容量小的特点,千万不可暴饮暴食,同时应注意饮食卫生。多吃含维生素A、B、E的食物,适当加强蛋白质摄入,以利保护胃粘膜。保护食用水的卫生。因为被污染的水源中含多种致癌的金属离子, 所以一定要用正规的自来水,农村地区尽量使用井水。同时,还要防止食盐摄入量大,进餐时好生闷气等习惯。
值得一提的是,人参稀有物质人参皂苷Rh2可以迅速提高胃癌患者术后的自身免疫功能,抑制癌细胞增殖,控制癌细胞转移与恶化。同时还具有消炎止痛、镇定安神作用。一般患者用药快的3—7天见效,慢的10—15天即可有明显的效果,症状改善,疼痛减轻。另外对中、晚期患者或不宜手术、放、化疗患者以及术后复发转移者,可以达到长期戴瘤生存效果,大大提高患者生存质量。由海南亚洲制药生产的“今幸”胶囊,人参皂苷Rh2含量高达16.2%,为国内同类产品之最高,也是胃癌术后饮食中促进康复的最佳辅助药物。

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