推荐回答(3个)
IC是指集成电路,芯片是指基于集成电路技术制成的器件。IC的全写是integratedcircuit。以前的电脑是用几千几万个电子管和晶体管组装而成的,如果这么多的器件中,只要有一个的焊点断了,那么整台机器就无法运作。于是,人们利用微电子技术制成了集成电路,集成电路分为小规模、中规模、大规模、超大规模的集成电路,在几平方厘米的面积上,包含了几十个至几千万个电子管、晶体管以及其它的器件,所以,不要小看这小小的集成块。既然这么小的面积内有几千万个元件,无数条线路,那么制造起来自然是不简单的。你看看相关的文章,会介绍沙子是如何变成超大规模集成电路CPU的。普普通通的沙子,在生产流水线出来后就变成了价值不菲的CPU,中间经过的工艺你是想不到的。
至于芯片,是指用集成电路制成的处理器。如中央处理器CPU,就是一个超大规模的集成电路,它的线路图如果不用以平方米为单位的纸来画,根本看不清楚。一个有几百万人口的大城市的地图,连同郊外那些很小很小的羊肠小道,即使是田野里的人走过的地方也画出来,然后跟市区里的道路连接起来,再缩小成CPU那么大,这就相当于CPU的线路图,道路是线路,所以是多么的复杂。除了CPU,影碟机里的各种光碟的解码器也是芯片,收音机里的将无线电变成音频信号的器件也可称为芯片,掌机游戏里的卡带也有芯片,IC卡、SIM卡都有芯片。我们身边的电器几乎都有芯片,只有规模大小的区别。
IC,即集成电路是采用半导体制作工艺,在一块较小的单晶硅片上制作上许多晶体管及电阻器、电容器等元器件,并按照多层布线或遂道布线的方法将元器件组合成完整的电子电路。它在电路中用字母“IC”(也有用文字符号“N”等)表示。
集成电路(英语:integrated circuit, IC)、或称微电路(microcircuit)、 微芯片(microchip)、芯片(chip)在电子学中是一种把电路(主要包括半导体设备,也包括被动组件等)小型化的方式,并通常制造在半导体晶圆表面上。前述将电路制造在半导体芯片表面上的集成电路又称薄膜(thin-film)集成电路。另有一种厚膜(thick-film)混成集成电路(hybrid integrated circuit)是由独立半导体设备和被动组件,集成到衬底或线路板所构成的小型化电路。本文是关于单片(monolithic)集成电路,即薄膜集成电路。
IC(芯片)卡与磁条卡的区别在于信息载体的不同。IC卡特点是交易速度快、信息容量大,本身具有存储信息和逻辑计算功能。IC卡适用于广泛的领域。
IC卡具备以下特点:
对网络依赖程度不高,可脱机使用,可提供快速的交易速度。
用于频繁使用的小额支付,如超市、停车付费等。
用于需要进行必要信息处理的业务领域,如社会保险帐户管理等。
用于身份识别,如网上交易安全识别、门禁管理等。
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