推荐回答(4个)
肌营养不良病得发病机理是什么:
1、肾为先天之本,藏精,主骨生髓。肾藏元阴元阳。若先天禀赋不足,肾脏虚亏,精血不足,骨失所养,则骨枯而髓空,症见足不任身,腰脊不举,生为骨痿。辩证论治,脾肾两虚。
2、脾胃为后天之本,为气血津液生化之源,主肌肉、四肢。脾胃虚则五脏无所禀,水谷精微不能达于四肢、肌肉而成痿。若先于肾脏之元阳不足,致命门火衰,不能温煦脾阳,脾胃虚寒,受纳及运化功能失常,气血津液生化之源不足,肌肉得不到濡润,故见四肢肌肉痿软无力,发为肉痿,出现肌营养不良。
3、先天禀赋不足,气血两虚,不能营养筋骨肌肉,而出现肢体无力和肌肉萎缩。由于先天不足,后天失养,气血虚亏,导至五脏内伤,脏腑气血功能失调使气血更加亏虚,肌肉痿软无力不断进展
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1、严重性假肥大型营养不良症,初期感走路苯拙,易于跌倒,不能奔跑及登楼,站立时脊髓前凸,腹部挺出,两足撇开,步行缓慢摇摆,呈特殊的“鸭步”步态,当由仰卧走立时非常困难,必先翻身俯卧,再双手攀缘两膝,逐渐向上支撑起立(Gower征)。亦可见于肢近端肌肉、股四头肌及臂肌。2、肢带型肌营养不良症,两性均见,起病于儿童或青年,首先影响骨盆带肌群及腰大肌,行走困难,不能登楼,步态摇摆,常跌倒,有的则只累及股四头肌。病程进展极慢。3、良性假肥大型肌营养不良症,常在10岁以后起病,首发症状为骨盆带及股部肌肉力弱,进展缓慢,病程长,出现症状后25年或25年以上才不能行走,多数在30-40岁时仍不发生瘫痪,预后较好。4、肌强直性营养不良(斯坦纳特病)是男女均可发病的常染色体显性遗传病。既有肌肉无力又有肌肉强直收缩,特别在手。常见眼睑下垂。症状可出现于任何年龄,轻重不一。最重者肌肉极度无力,且有许多其他症状包括白内障、小睾丸、秃顶、心律不齐、糖尿病及智力发育迟滞5、面肩-肱型肌营养不良症,男女均有,青年期起病,首先面肌无力,常不对称,不能露齿,突唇.闭眼及皱眉,口轮匝肌可有假性肥大,以致口唇肥厚而致突唇,有的肩、肱部肌群首先受累,以致两臂不能上举而成垂肩,上臂肌肉萎缩,但前臂及手部肌肉不被侵犯。病程进展极慢,常有顿挫或缓解。6、股四头肌型、远端型、进行性眼外肌麻痹型、眼肌-咽肌型等,极少见。
进行性肌营养不良症最主要的症状是缓慢进行性加重的对称性肌肉无力和萎缩,最常见的类型是假肥大型。假肥大型在小腿的腓肠肌,会出现肌肉的肥大,骨盆带肌的无力,有起立困难的感觉,表现为走路慢、脚尖着地、容易摔倒。
上肢肩胛带肌和上臂肌肉也会受累,但是程度会比骨盆带肌要轻一些。还有面肩肱型的肌营养不良症,症状表现为在面部和肩胛带的肌肉是最容易受到影响的,会出现眼睑闭合无力,吹口哨、鼓腮困难。肩胛带肌是三角肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌,这些肌肉也会出现明显的萎缩和无力。
先天性肌营养不良是什么?医学上称:先天性肌营养不良是指出生时或出生后数月,出现的肌力和肌张力低下和关节挛缩。肌活检病理可见典型的肌营养不良。这种疾病因缺乏完整的病理资料,长期以来一直存在争论。随着分子生物学的研究进展,目前先天性肌营养不良作为一个独立的疾病类型已经得到国际公认。
先天性肌营养不良从新生儿开始发病,表现为脊柱后突,肌张力下降,常伴发髋关节脱位,近端关节挛缩,斜颈,而远端关节表现出惊人的松弛,弹性过度增高。然而在一些严重的病例中,远端关节过度松弛也可以不存在,同时这种关节挛缩是可以进行性发生、发展,最终影响到以前表现为松弛的踝、腕及手指。病人最大的运动能力变异很大,有些患者可以自由活动,而另一些从未能独立行走。后期病人运动功能受限的原因大多与关节挛缩有关,病人可因关节挛缩而失去已具有的行走能力。UCMD病人特征性的面容为:下眼睑轻度下垂,圆脸,招风耳。典型的皮肤损害为滤泡性过度角化。
对于婴幼儿起病,具有典型的临床表现的UCMD,Collagen VI染色减弱或消失,诊断是很明确的。但是对于年纪稍大的,有肌无力及需要机械辅助通气的患者,应与强直性脊柱综合症相鉴别,肌肉MRI可显示受累肌肉的分布,对鉴别有帮助。另外在临床表现与中央轴空性肌病亦应给予鉴别,但后者多不伴有膈肌无力及皮肤受累
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