推荐回答(3个)
简单点说:有人要杀人,正在拿刀砍你,你反手把他一脚踹到在地,这叫正当防卫,把他踹到在地后,你又上去踹,人家把刀扔了求饶,你还踹,这叫防卫过当。人家砍你,你逃跑,逃跑过程中跑过一个集市,把集市弄的鸡飞狗跳,打碎几块玻璃,弄倒几个架子,都是紧急避险,因为这些没人的生命重要,但是如果为了逃命,把别人挡在自己面前挡刀子,就不是紧急避险了。
自助行为民事上的多,比如出去要债,你报警,人家要跑,你拦在人家车前等警察来,就是一种自助行为。
正当防卫是对不法侵害的防卫,即“正对不正" 。紧急避险是为了避免危险,合法权益对合法权益,”正对正‘
自助与正当防卫的区别在于,不法侵害是否已经结束,不法侵害正在进行的救济构成正当防卫;不法侵害已经结束,进行的救济构成自助。
正当防卫是指为防止自己或他人的人身、财产受到正在进行的不法侵害,而实施的行为。注意,这个侵害行为必须是“正在进行”、“不法”的这两个特征,此时正当防卫行为人对不法侵害人进行适度的侵害行为是法律所允许的。
紧急避险是指为避免国家、公共利益,自己或他人的人身、财产权益受到正在发生的危险,不得已采取一定措施,导致另一方造成较小损失,但避免了较大的损失。注意:这里两个损失一般都是合法的,但实际发生的损失应该是小于所避免的损失,否则就是避险过当。同时,紧急避险也要求面对“正在发生”的危险。这个危险可能是非法,也可能是意外事故。所以,你看到需要权衡实际造成的损失和被避免的损失两者大小的,一般就是紧急避险。
自助行为是法律赋予行为人的一个即时的私力救济权利,指权利人受到不法侵害之后,为保全或者恢复自己的权利,在情势紧迫而不能及时请求国家机关予以救助的情况下,依靠自己的力量,对他人的财产或自由施加扣押、拘束或其他相应措施的行为。注意:有几个要点“受到侵害后”、“不法侵害”、“情势紧迫,不能及时请求公力救济”
比如一个常客(你们很熟悉,知道他家庭地址)在你酒店吃饭后不给钱就走了,此时你是不能行使自助行为的,因为常客,而且知道住址,不符合“情势紧迫,不能及时请求公力救济”,你可以时候起诉法院。但一个第一次去你们酒店的陌生客人吃了饭不给钱,你就可以控制他行使自助行为。
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